1
Q
Normal rumen pH
A
6.3-7
Slightly acidic
2
Q
Normal VFA concentration in rumen.
A
80-120 mmol/L
3
Q
Normal bacterial concentration of ruminate fluid.
A
10^7 - 10^12 per mL ruminate fluid
4
Q
Normal ammonia concentration in ruminate fluid.
A
6-20 mmol/L
Low
5
Q
Normal chloride concentration in the ruminal fluid.
A
15-20 mmol/L
6
Q
Normal nitrate reduction test
A
No nitrite after 10 min because microorganisms have reduced it.
7
Q
Normal methylene blue reduction test
A
Colourless (with blue ring) after 3-6 minutes.
8
Q
Normal triphenyltetraxolium chloride (TTC) test
A
Red colour after 10-15 minutes.
9
Q
Normal VFA composition of rumen.
A
60-65% acetate
20-25% propionate
10-15% butyrate
5% other acids
Lab D
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