What is the Science Practitioner model?
An integrative approach to science and practice wherein each must continually inform the other
What are the origins of the Science practitioner model?
Clinical psychology practice 20th century in the US by Wittmer, 1907. During WW1 to test for mental illness and intelligence
Freud & Jung believed psychotherapy should be conducted by?
Medical doctors only
Before WW1 why were there no mental health treatments available?
Psychology was purely academic and related to philosophy
Why did psychologists begin to study mental health treatments?
To manage shell shock (PTSD) in returning WW2 soldiers
When did clinical psychology become part of the APA?
In 1919
Why was the APA originally founded?
In 1892 as a society to promote the Science of psychology . Academically centred
When was clinical psychology accepted by the APA?
- Took responsibility for credentialing and training
What was the Boulder Committee?
Founded the Boulder model and created the curriculum which Integrated the Science practitioners model into applied training
List 4 recommendations the Boulder model gave for training
- Improve the accuracy and reliability of diagnostic procedures (assessment)
- Develop better understanding of human behaviour
- Develop more efficient methods of treatment
- Inclusion of research training in the preparation of all clinical psychologists
List 4 recommendations for practice from the Boulder Model
- Use scientific methodology in their practice
- Work with clients using scientifically valid methods, tools and techniques
- Inform clients of scientifically based findings and approaches to their problems
- Conduct science based research
What was Eysenck a major critic of?
Psychoanalysis for mental health problems
What did Eysenck identity a need for?
Control groups in psychological testing
What evidence did Eysenck for psychotherapy?
There is an inverse correlation between recovery and psychotherapy. The more psychotherapy, the smaller the recovery rate.
List 3 things that can be ensured in practitioners are trained in the scientist practitioners model
- Critical thinking skills (understand research and implement best practices)
- Can justify treatments and interventions on empirical grounds
- Avoids harm, reduces unnecessary treatment and increases the likelihood of better efficiency in treatment
Why do some clinicians argue against training in pure science?
Applied work is often incompatible with scientific work and some research doesn’t apply to practice.
Why do some people believe research skills are unnecessary for clinicians?
Only a few clinical psychologists publish after completing their training
What do all clinicians agree on concerning the study of research science?
The value of a solid background in undergraduate research methods and statistics. But question whether it’s necessary to be both research and practice orientated
What is the Practitioner - scholar model?
Focuses on clinical practice with a greater emphasis on service delivery
Taught to be producers of small scale clinical science rather than traditional research science
Under the Practitioner-Scholar model, what is the model of a clinician working scientifically? (List 4 things)
- Applied scientist who uses theory and validated principles of assessment and validated treatments (where they exist)
- If they don’t exist, apply scientific methods and principles of observation, hypothesis generation with testing applied in individual cases and client groups
- Duty to pursue ideas derived from psychological science to improve upon existing assessment/treatments, develop new procedures and investigation the nature of clinical problems that bring people to the clinic
- This ensures that public money is spent on procedures justified by the current state of knowledge
What does the scientist practitioners model provide a framework for?
Lifelong learning
What is Evidence Based practice?
The integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
What does EBP make use of?
Science, research and evidence to guide decision making in applied and clinical settings
5 reasons why you should use EBP
- Health care and applied knowledge grows rapidly
- Knowledge base is vast
- Provides the skills to integrate the best available information with clinical expertise,patient values and your health care environment
- Avoids uncritical acceptance of usual practice
- Skills for lifelong learning and up to date practice
