ISC EXAM > S1 > Flashcards

S1 Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is IT infrastructure?

A

The supporting IT architecture within most modern companies, involving a combination of on-premises and outsourced hardware, software, and specialized personnel.

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2
Q

What are End-User Devices (EUDs)?

A

Electronic machines, typically computers or minicomputers, that directly interact with employees or consumers at the ‘edge’ of a network.

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3
Q

List key internal computer hardware components.

A
  • Microprocessors
  • Graphics and sound cards
  • Hard drives
  • Random access memory (RAM)
  • Power supply
  • Motherboard
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4
Q

What is network infrastructure?

A

The hardware, software, layout, and topology of network resources that enable connectivity and communication between devices on a computer network.

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5
Q

What is the function of a modem?

A

Receives analog signals from the internet service provider and translates those signals into digital signals.

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6
Q

What do routers do?

A

Manage network traffic by connecting devices to/from a network and determining the most efficient path for data packets.

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7
Q

True or False: Switches are used to connect and divide devices within a network.

A

True

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a gateway in networking?

A

Transforms data from one protocol into another to enable information flow between networks.

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9
Q

Define network topology.

A

The physical layout of equipment, or ‘nodes,’ in a network.

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10
Q

What are the four most common types of network topologies?

A
  • Bus topology
  • Mesh topology
  • Ring topology
  • Star topology
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11
Q

What does the OSI model do?

A

Segregates network functions into seven different layers.

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12
Q

List the seven layers of the OSI model.

A
  • Application (level 7)
  • Presentation (level 6)
  • Session (level 5)
  • Transport (level 4)
  • Network (level 3)
  • Data link (level 2)
  • Physical (level 1)
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13
Q

What are Local-Area Networks (LAN)?

A

Networks that provide access to a limited geographic area such as a home or single-location office.

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14
Q

What is a VPN?

A

Virtual connections through a secure channel or tunnel that provide remote and secure access to an existing network.

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15
Q

Define cloud computing.

A

A computing model that uses shared resources over the internet, where customers rent storage, processing power, or software.

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16
Q

What are the three primary cloud computing models?

A
  • IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service)
  • PaaS (Platform-as-a-Service)
  • SaaS (Software-as-a-Service)
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17
Q

What does IaaS stand for?

A

Infrastructure-as-a-Service

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18
Q

What is the function of an AIS?

A

Collects, records, and stores accounting information, then compiles that information using accounting rules for reporting.

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19
Q

What are the three main subsystems of an AIS?

A
  • Transaction Processing System (TPS)
  • Financial Reporting System (FRS)
  • Management Reporting System (MRS)
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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The transaction cycles in an accounting department include the _______ cycle.

A

revenue

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21
Q

What is processing integrity?

A

The ability of a system to initiate and complete transactions that are valid, accurate, timely, and authorized.

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22
Q

What are the components of business resiliency?

A
  • System availability controls
  • Disaster recovery plans
  • Business continuity plans
  • Crisis management plans
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23
Q

What is a cold site?

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A

The least expensive option for maintaining IT operations during a disaster, involving minimal infrastructure.

24
Q

Define business continuity plans.

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A

Comprehensive plans that contain contingency and mitigation procedures for all business processes.

25
What is a Business Impact Analysis (BIA)?
A process that identifies and assesses risks by identifying essential business units, departments, and processes.
26
What are the three main options for maintaining IT operations in a disaster?
* Cold site * Warm site * Hot site
27
What does change management involve?
Policies, procedures, and resources employed to govern change in an organization.
28
List the steps in the change management process.
* Identify and define the need for system changes * Design a high-level plan * Obtain approval from management * Develop a budget and timeline * Assign personnel * Identify and address potential risks * Provide an implementation road map * Procure resources and train personnel * Test the system change * Execute the implementation plan * Review and monitor change implementation
29
What is patch management?
The systematic process of identifying vulnerabilities or software bugs and addressing them with patches.
30
True or False: The waterfall model is characterized by cross-functional teams.
False
31
What is the agile model?
A flexible approach to change management characterized by cross-functional teams working on prioritized customer needs.
32
What is the Agile Method?
Agile offers a flexible approach to change management characterized by cross-functional teams dedicated to functions or improvements from a prioritized list of customer needs.
33
What is patch management?
Patch management is the systematic process of identifying vulnerabilities or software bugs in operating systems or applications and addressing them with patches.
34
What are the key components of an effective patch management process?
* Evaluating new patch releases * Using a vulnerability tool * Testing patches in a test environment * Approving and deploying patches * Verifying patches deployed
35
What are the different system conversion methods?
* Direct * Parallel * Pilot * Phased * Hybrid
36
What is the data life cycle?
The data life cycle describes the sequential steps all business data must go through from creation to final disposal.
37
List the eight steps of the data life cycle.
* Define * Capture * Preparation * Synthesis * Analytics and usage * Publication * Archiving * Purging
38
What are the methods of data collection?
* Extract, transform, and load (ETL) * Active data collection * Passive data collection
39
What are the types of input checks?
* Field check * Reasonableness check * Completeness check * Validity check * Limit check * Size check
40
What is an Operational Data Store (ODS)?
An ODS is a repository of transactional data from multiple sources, often serving as an interim area between data sources and data warehouses.
41
What is the difference between a Data Warehouse and a Data Mart?
A Data Warehouse is a very large centralized repository for reporting and analysis, while a Data Mart is focused on a specific purpose and is often a subset of a Data Warehouse.
42
What is a Data Lake?
A Data Lake is a repository that contains both structured and unstructured data, mostly in its natural or raw format.
43
What are the benefits of relational databases?
* Completeness * No Redundancy * Business Rules Enforcement * Communication and Integration of Business Processes
44
What types of columns are in a relational database?
* Primary keys * Foreign keys * Descriptive attributes
45
What is a data dictionary?
A data dictionary is a type of metadata that summarizes information about the data in a database to facilitate understanding and usage.
46
What is normalization in database design?
Normalization is a technique that reduces data redundancy and eliminates undesirable characteristics like insertion, update, and deletion anomalies.
47
What are the three normal forms in normalization?
* First normal form (1NF) * Second normal form (2NF) * Third normal form (3NF)
48
What are database models?
Database models are conceptual representations of the data structures in an information system.
49
What is a database schema?
A database schema is a set of instructions that tells the database engine how to organize data to comply with data models.
50
What are the common database schemas?
* Star schemas * Snowflake schemas
51
What is SQL?
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a computer language used to interact with data in a relational database.
52
List common SQL commands.
* SELECT * FROM * WHERE * GROUP BY * HAVING * JOIN, ON
53
What is the purpose of flowcharts in organizations?
Flowcharts depict process or data flows to help analysts understand and analyze processes for improvement.
54
What is BPMN?
Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is used to create flowcharts referred to as activity models.
55
What are common flow activity symbols in BPMN?
* Pools * Swim lanes * Start events * End events * Intermediate events * Task symbols * Sequence flows * Message flows
56
What is a gateway in BPMN?
A gateway is a point at which the path of the process diverges, such as a decision point.
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