Health Promotion for Infants
birth to 12 mths
- support breastfeeding
- powder formula
- breastfeed babies need vit D
- no baby food until 4-6 mths
- choking precautions
- consider cultural food preferences
-freq well baby
checkups
- screenings
- sleep
- ability to self-regulate or self-soothe
- physical activity “tummy time”
- social interactions with parents and others
Safety for Infants
- SIDS prevention: back-to-sleep
- proper use of infant car seat
- choking: small toys, food
- drowning: bath tub, toilet, bucket
- baby proof home: electrical cords, meds, cleaning supplies, stove
Proper car seat rules
- Birth – 2 years: rear facing (up to 3 recommended)
- 2 years- 5 years: forward facing car seat
- Age 5 + : Booster with belt positioning
- No booster: Once seat belt fits properly AND 57inches tall
Health Promotion for Toddlers
1-3 years
- metabolic rate slows, so appetite decreases
- screenings, 12-15 mths for autism
- sleep, 10-12 hrs a night
Safety for toddlers
- falls
- poisoning
- burns
- drowning, more likely somewhere else and not at home. when you think multiple people are watching and drinking involved
- MVA
**Most important: drowning!
Health Promotion for Preschooler
3-6 yrs
- growth is slow and steady
- picky eaters
- safety in the kitchen
- screening (speech clear at 4, preschool skills)
- no more nap, 9-11 hours at night
- sleep: night terrors vs. nightmares (don’t have to wake them up)
Safety for Preschoolers
- MVAs
- drowning
- burns
**Most important: car seats, MVA
nurse is providing discharge education related to injury and death prevention for parents of a 4 month old. It would be most important to include info on which of the following?
- suffocation injuries
- SIDS
- Drowning
- baby proofing house
SIDS and Suffocation
Health Promotion for School Age
- quality of diet related to family’s pattern of eating
- screening, obesity
- less sleep may lead to irritability, lack of concentration, hyperactivity
- sleepwalking and sleep talking, bell at top of door,
- sports
School Age Safety
- pedestrian injuries
- bicycle injuries
- school safety - bullying
- water safety - swimming skills, diving precautions
- appropriate safety equipment for all sports
**Most important: seat belt, car safety!!
Adolescent Health Promotion
- aim teaching at adolescent, but include parent
- screening, suicide, obesity
- sleep (9 hrs, avg 6 grs)
- sports, burnout, over use injuries
Adolescent Safety
• MVAs number one cause of injury and death • Drugs, alcohol—more likely to try if peers do • Males at higher risk for risky behavior • Date rape • Prevention of sports injuries • Prevention of pregnancy and STDs • Smoking prevention
**seat belt safety most important
SUID
sudden unexpected infant death
-most SUIDs are reported as: SIDS, unknown cause accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed
SIDS
- crisis
- under 1 years
- delay in maturation of the brainstem responsible for arousal
RF:
-age 2-4 mths
- sex:male
- time/season: winter, but no seasonality anymore
- socioeconomic: low economic status
- birth: PT, LBW
- sleep habits: overheating, prone sleeping
- maternal: drug use, smoking, young parent
AAP Recommendations for SIDS
- back to sleep, for naps and at night
- firm sleep surface
• Keep soft objects, toys, and loose bedding out of your
baby’s sleep area.
- Do not allow smoking around your baby.
- Keep your baby’s sleep area close to you, but separate
- Consider using a clean, dry pacifier
- Avoid overheating
- Avoid products that claim to reduce the risk of SIDS
- Do not use home monitors to reduce the risk of SIDS
- Avoid development of positional plagiocephaly
New SIDS guidelines
-co-room sleeping minimum 6 mths up to 1 year
Who makes requirements for vaccines?
each state and health department
Mild URI with no fever…
does not warrant delay of immunizations
Always a risk of ____ with vaccines
anaphylaxis although severe and uncommon
If a person has a previous severe rxn…
should be given very cautiously or is contraindicated
Hep B contraindications and ADR
contraindicated: severe rxn to previous dose, allergy to yeast, moderately or severely ill
ADR: soreness at site, temp of 99.9 or higher
DTaP contraindications and ADR
- Diptheria, Tetanus, Pertussis
contraindications: brain or nervous system dz within 7 days of previous dose, seizure or collapsed, cried nonstop for 3 hours, or had a fever over 105 after a dose
ADR: redness, fussiness, vomiting, seizures, non-stop crying for 3 hours, fever over 105, permanent brain damage (rare)
HIB contraindications and ADR
- haemophilus influenza type b
- contraindicated: severe rxn to previous dose, moderately or severely ill, less than 6 wks of age
- ADR: redness, warmth at site, fever over 101
Pneumococcal contraindications and ADR
contraindications: allergy to vaccine containing diptheria toxoid/previous dose
ADR: drowsy, swelling, fussiness, mild fever as high as 102.2
