What is Sarf?
A science dedicated to verb building. This teaches how verbs are formed, how they change and what the changes mean
What are 3 types of a word?
Noun, verb and particle
What is a noun?
A word understood without any other words
What is a particle?
It is not an independent word and cannot be understood on its own
What is a verb and the 3 types?
A verb is an action.
The three types are command, past tense and present/future tense
What are the 3 topics?
1) past, present/future, command
2) active, passive
3) positive, negative
What are the 3 forms صِيْغَة?
1) singular, dual, plural
2) masculine, feminine
3) 3rd, 2nd, 1st person
What are the endings of past tense active positive 3rd person masculine?
1) he َ
2) they - dual ا
3) they - plural وْا
Did in 3rd person masculine
He did - فَعَلَ
They did (dual) - فَعَلَا
They did (plural) - فَعَلُوْا
What are the endings of past tense active positive 3rd person feminine?
1) she تْ
2) they - dual تَا
3) they - plural نَ
Did in 3rd person feminine
She did - فَعَلَتْ
They did (dual) - فَعَلَتَا
They did (plural) - فَعَلْنَ
What is masculine in Arabic?
مُذَكَّرٌ Mudhakar
What is feminine in Arabic?
مُؤَنَّثٌ Muanath
What is third person in Arabic?
غَائِب Ghayib
What are the endings of past tense active positive 2nd person masculine?
1) you تَ
2) you - dual تُمَا
3) you - plural تُمْ
What are the endings of past tense active positive 2nd person feminine?
1) you تِ
2) you - dual تُمَا
3) you - plural تُنَّ
Did in 2nd person masculine
You did - فَعَلْتَ
You did (dual) - فَعَلْتُمَا
You did (plural) - فَعَلْتُمْ
Did in 2nd person feminine
You did - فَعَلْتِ
You did (dual) - فَعَلْتُمَا
You did (plural) - فَعَلْتُنَّ
What are the endings of past tense active positive 1st person?
1) I تُ
2) We نَا
Did in 1st person
I - فَعَلْتُ
We - فَعَلْنَا
How is an active past tense changed to passive?
1) Change the first root letter to ُ
2) Change the second root letter to ِ
فَعَلَ –> فُعِلَ
He did becomes it was done
How do we change to near (قَرِيْب) past tense?
Add قَدْ before the verb
قَدْفَعَلَ
He just did
How do we change to far (بَعِيْد) past tense?
Add كَانَ before the verb
كَانَ فَعَلَ
كَانَا فَعَلَا
كَانُؤا فَعَلُؤا
كَانَتْ فَعَلَتْ
كَانَتَا فَعَلَتَا
كُانَّ فَعَلْنَ
كُانْتَ فَعَلْتَ
كُانْتُمَا فَعَلْتُمَا
كُانْتُمْ فَعَلْتُمْ
كُانْتِ فَعَلْتِ
كُانْتُمَا فَعَلْتُمَا
كُانْتُتَّ فَعَلْتُنَّ
كُانْتُ فَعَلْتُ
كُانَّا فَعَلْنَا
He had done
What is past in Arabic?
مَاضِي
