SB5

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being

Question 2

Physical wellbeing

Answer 2

Eating & sleeping well and being free from disease

Question 3

Mental wellbeing

Answer 3

How you feel about yourself

Question 4

Social wellbeing

Answer 4

How well you get on with other people

Question 5

Communicable vs non-communicable

Answer 5

Communicable diseases can be passed from one to another & non-communicable diseases cannot be passed between people

Question 6

Pathogen

Answer 6

An organism that causes an infectious disease (bacteria, viruses, fungi & protists)

Question 7

Bacterium

Answer 7

May release toxins that make us feel ill. Some types of bacteria invade and destroy cells.

Question 8

Virus

Answer 8

Viruses take over a body cell’s DNA causing the cell to make toxins which cause damage

Question 9

Fungi

Answer 9

Eukaryotic organisms

Question 10

Protists

Answer 10

Eukaryotic organisms

Question 11

Cholera

Answer 11

Bacterium

- Watery diarrhea

Question 12

Malaria

Answer 12

Protist

• Fever
• Weakness

Question 13

HIV/AIDS

Answer 13

Virus

• Flu like symptoms
• Repeated infections

Question 14

TB

Answer 14

Bacterium

• Lung damage
• Weight loss

Question 15

Ebola

Answer 15

Virus

• Internal bleeding
• Severe headache

Question 16

Stomach ulcers

Answer 16

Bacterium

• Inflammation
• Bleeding in stomach

Question 17

Ash die-back chalara

Answer 17

Fungus

• Leaf loss
• Bark damage

Question 18

Vectors

Answer 18

Vectors carry pathogens from one person to another (e.g malaria mosquito)

Question 19

STI’s

Answer 19

Sexually transmitted infections spread by sexual activity. Chlamydia is a bacterium and HIV is a virus.

Question 20

Spread of STI’s

Answer 20

Bacteria can be spread by contact with sexual fluid from an infected partner

Question 21

Reducing spread of STI’s

Answer 21

• Using condoms
• Screening people
• Supplying intravenous drug abusers with sterile needles

Question 22

Human defenses

Answer 22

The human body has both physical and chemical defenses to give protection against pathogens. Physical barriers make it hard for pathogens to enter the body. Chemical barriers are produced to kill active pathogens.

Question 23

Chemical defenses

Answer 23

• Lysozyme- enzyme in tears kills bacteria by digesting cell walls (also found in saliva and mucus)
• Hydrochloric acid- in stomach, kills pathogens in food and drink

Question 24

Physical barriers

Answer 24

• Unbroken skin- too thick for most pathogens to get through
• Sticky mucus- in the breathing passages and lungs- traps pathogens, Cilia moves the mucus out of the lungs towards the back of the throat where it is swallowed

Question 25

Immune system

Answer 25

Helps protect the body by attacking pathogens.

Question 26

Antibodies

Answer 26

Antibodies are produced by white blood cells that can destroy specific pathogens

Question 27

Lymphocytes

Answer 27

- Each pathogen has unique antigens on the surface - A lymphocyte with an antibody that fits the antigen is activated - The lymphocyte divides many times to produce clones of identical lymphocytes - Some lymphocytes produce lots of antibodies which stick to the pathogen and destroy it - Others stay in the blood as memory lymphocytes, ready to respond immediately if the same antigen returns

Question 28

Immunization

Answer 28

When you give a person a vaccine to prevent them becoming ill from a disease

Question 29

How vaccines work

Answer 29

- Vaccines contain antigens from the pathogen (weakened or dead) - The persons lymphocytes produce antibodies against the pathogen and also memory lymphocytes - If the person becomes infected with the real pathogen the memory lymphocytes will have a rapid secondary response.

Question 30

Eval. of immunization

Answer 30

:) Immunity is produced without being ill :) Immunity lasts a long time :( Some people get a mild reaction of swelling or soreness :( Sometime a person has a major harmful reaction

Question 31

Damage of smoking

Answer 31

Carbon monoxide reduces how much oxygen the blood can carry Chemicals in tar (carcinogens) cause cancer (mouth and lungs) Substances in cigarettes can cause blood vessels to narrow, increasing blood pressure

Question 32

Measuring obesity

Answer 32

Waist hip ratio wait measurement/hip measurement BMI weight in kilograms/height in meters

Question 33

Treating cardiovascular disease

Answer 33

Lifestyle changes & Medication

Question 34

Lifestyle changes

Answer 34

- Give up smoking - Do more exercise - Eat a healthier diet - Lose weight

Question 35

Medication

Answer 35

- Betablockers

Question 36

Surgery for cardiovascular disease

Answer 36

If an artery becomes narrowed, the drop in blood flow can cause damage to tissue beyond the blockage A wire frame called a stent is inserted into the narrow part of the artery