why do multicellular animals need transport systems
diffusion alone is too slow for large bodies
features of efficient exchange surfaces
large surface area, thin membrane, good blood supply
factors that affect diffusion rate
concentration gradient, surface area, temperature, distance
effect of larger surface area
faster diffusion
effect of higher concentration gradient
faster diffusion
effect of thicker membrane
slower diffusion
type of circulatory system in humans
double circulatory system (pulmonary + systemic)
function of arteries
carry blood away from heart
function of veins
carry blood to heart, valves prevent backflow
function of capillaries
site of exchange of substances with tissues
why are arteries thick-walled
to withstand high pressure
name the two sides of the heart
left (oxygenated), right (deoxygenated)
function of atria
receive blood
function of ventricles
pump blood out
role of valves
prevent backflow of blood
blood flow through the heart
vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body
word equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
word equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose → lactic acid + energy
word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants/yeast
glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
what increases respiration rate
higher temperature, more glucose, oxygen available
what decreases respiration rate
extreme temperatures, lack of oxygen
how to measure respiration in yeast
measure carbon dioxide production using a tube and syringe
