What are the boundaries of the scalp?
- Anterior: Superciliary arches
- Posterior: External occipital protuberance & superior nuchal line
- Lateral: Superior temporal line
from forhead to nuchal line and temples
What are the layers of the scalp?
- S: Skin
- C: Connective tissue (dense)
- A: Aponeurosis
- L: Loose areolar tissue
- P: Pericranium
Why doesn’t bleeding stop easily in scalp injuries?
- Due to the dense connective tissue layer, which keeps the blood vessels open and prevents their retraction
the blood vessels are in this layer and adhere to the CT
What is the dangerous area of the scalp?
- The loose areolar tissue (fourth layer), as infections can spread easily through it
What is the surgical importance of the scalp?
- Only the first three layers (skin, connective tissue, and aponeurosis) are regarded as one surgical unit
Which arteries are found in front of the auricle?
- Superficial temporal artery
- Supraorbital
- Supratrochlear
Which arteries are found behind the auricle?
- Posterior auricular artery
- Occipital artery
Which muscle is attached to the scalp?
- Occipitofrontalis muscle
has 2 bellies occipital belly and frontal belly
What are the attachments of the occipitofrontalis muscle?
- Frontal belly: Skin of the forehead
- Occipital belly: Superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
What are the main sensory nerves of the scalp?
- Supratrochlear nerve
- Supraorbital nerve
- Zygomaticotemporal nerve
- Auriculotemporal nerve
- Lesser occipital nerve
- Greater occipital nerve
- Greater Auricular nerve
- Third occipital nerve
GLASS ZT (mnemonic)
Where does the supratrochlear nerve come from?
- From the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1)
Where does the supraorbital nerve come from?
- From the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1)
Where does the zygomaticotemporal nerve come from?
- From the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve(CN V2)
zygmatic nerve of the branch
Where does the auriculotemporal nerve come from?
- From the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
Where does the lesser occipital nerve come from?
- (C2) Ventral Ramus
Where does the greater occipital nerve come from?
- (C2) Dorsal Ramus
What area does the supratrochlear nerve supply?
- Forehead near the midline
What area does the supraorbital nerve supply?
- Forehead and scalp up to the top of the head
What area does the zygomaticotemporal nerve supply?
- The temple area
What area does the auriculotemporal nerve supply?
- Scalp in front of the ear and the temple
What area does the lesser occipital nerve supply?
- Scalp behind the ear
What area does the greater occipital nerve supply?
- Back of the head, up to the top
Which nerve is often linked to headaches at the back of the head?
- Greater occipital nerve
What nerve supplies sensation to the forehead?
- Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves
