Schizophrenia

Question 1

hallucination (& % types)

Answer 1

image or sensation that occurs without external stimulus
- 75-90% auditory
- 49% visual
- 20% tactile
also olfactory, gustatory

Question 2

positive symptoms

Answer 2

• hallucinations (perception)
• delusions (thought)
• bizarre, disorganized behavior
• positive formal thought disorder (speech)

THINK: overactive dopamine, super noticeable
- easy to treat pharmacologically

Question 3

delusion (definition)

Answer 3

fixed, false belief not validated in reality; contrary to patient’s education and cultural background

Question 4

examples of delusions & %

Answer 4

81% persecution
49% ideas of reference
39% grandeur
28% somatic (physical sensation)
also, control (broadcasting, insertion, withdrawal)

NOT POSSIBLE IN REALITY

Question 5

negative symptoms (The 5 A’s!)

Answer 5

A ffective flattening (95% of neg sympers)
A logia 
A nhedonia
A ttentional impairment
A volition

• difficult to treat pharmacologically

Question 6

alogia

Answer 6

impoverished thinking & cognition

Question 7

anhedonia

Answer 7

lack of ability to experience pleasure

Question 8

avoltion

Answer 8

lack of initiative and energy

Question 9

positive formal thought disorder

Answer 9

• word salad
• flight of ideas
• neologism
• clang associations
• echolalia

Question 10

neologism

Answer 10

word developed by person that they believe everyone knows

Question 11

clang associations

Answer 11

meaningless rhyming of words, often forcefully

Question 12

echolalia

Answer 12

repetition of someone else’s words (often seen in catatonia)

Question 13

anosognosia

Answer 13

poor insight

Question 14

flat affect

Answer 14

immobile facial expression, blacnk look

Question 15

blunted affect

Answer 15

minimal emotional response

Question 16

inappropriate affect

Answer 16

emotional response to situation is not congruent with the tone of the situation

Question 17

direct social changes

Answer 17

• deterioration of social skills, mistrust
• loss of drive/motivation
• inability to communicate
• deterioration of personal hygiene

Question 18

indirect social changes

Answer 18

• poor academic/vocational performance

- low self-esteem, dependency, stigmatization

Question 19

prodromal phase

Answer 19

aka “prepsychotic”

• precedes active phase by 1mo to 1 y
• gradual development of symptoms with deterioration of social skills

Question 20

residual phase

Answer 20

maintenance phase for many

• affective flattening and role impairment
• may be interrupted by repeated recurrences of active phase
• more negative symptoms over time

Question 21

criteria (acute phase)

Answer 21

characteristic symptoms: 2 or more present during one month period

• grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
• negative symptoms (5A’s!)
• dysfunction in major life areas

AND must include at least one of:

• delusion
• hallucination
• disorganized speech

DURATION: >= 6 months continuous signs
>= 1 month of symptoms

Question 22

psychosis

Answer 22

losing contact with reality