Schizophrenia

Question 1

Sz

Answer 1

classic form of madness/insanity.
30-50 years ago 1% population- sent to the “Madhouse”..

Sz originated in 1700s but became visible in 1800s- equal in M/F.

• -became rarer & more cases in M 2:1.
• not 1 disease with 1 cause.
• producing broadly similar set of probs.

Question 2

Clinical features of classic Sz

Answer 2

• late teens/early 20s both sexes.
• slowly dev, insidious onset, increasingly withdrawn & strange behaviour.
• suddenly full blown psychosis, hallu, delusions, thought disorders, catatonia.
• –don’t need all above “Syndrome Diagnosis”
• no insight= un-understandability.
• Karl Jaspers- spend much time with Sz & still not understand them “pane of glass b/w” no emphatic link.

Question 3

Hebphrenia.

Answer 3

-core of Sz- also known as “Disorganised Subtype of Sz”.

• first type to be diagnosed- dominated by Thought Disorders. -may not be able to speak due Catatonia.
• -may not be able dicuss the hallu & delusions.

-Fatuous Affect- inapp emotions detached from enviro/situation.

Question 4

Paranoid Sz-

Answer 4

• dom by Hallu & Delusions- thought disorders not as bad

- diff distinguish from other cons- Mania, Bipolar 1, Brief Psychotic Eps.

Question 5

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Answer 5

• just like Sz/Mania last less than 1 month- complete recovery.
• therefore need 6 months of symps before Sz diagnoses.

Kraeplin- idea that worst of worst long-term are categorized as Sz.

Question 6

so called “Negative Symptoms”

Answer 6

• usually but not always caused by anti-psychotic drugs.
• Lack of EAAAA.
• E-motion- blunting “flat affect”.
• A-volia- lack drive/motivation.
• A-social- keep to self.
• A-logia- “poverty of thought”- don’t have thoughts, dulled.
• A-nhedonia- inability feel pleasure.
• –all of these can be caused by Dop blocking drugs.

Question 7

Distinctive Hallu & Delusions

Answer 7

-paranoid self-reference, often persecutory.

First Rank Symptoms- specific auditory hallucinations- spoken thoughts, running commentary, arguing, discussing voices.

Delusions.

• Primary- out of nowhere.
• Secondary- explain types thought disorder.
• -broadcasting of thoughts, insertion of thoughts, controlled thoughts & movements.

Question 8

Prognosis- outcome of diease

Answer 8

may never return to normal- may improve.
-relapse & remission overtime.

-prob worse prognosis- since invention of anti psychotics.

Question 9

Treatment

Answer 9

Anti psychotics- Chlorpromazine, Haloperidol, Risperidone.

ECT- for acute eps, flare ups.

Anxiolytics- Bzs- Dizaepam.

Question 10

Cuases

Answer 10

• not known perhaps many.
• perhaps from new genetic mutations.
• but Sz ppl don’t reproduce.
• perhaps Industrial Rev- infection (viral) affects DNA.
• -toxin?? high at start of rev, now declined (lead)?