Sci exam study guide

Question 1

The balance of the weights of the rock materials, water, and ice in and on the earth’s crust against the upward push of the mantle is called

Answer 1

Isostasy

Question 2

What is elevation?

Answer 2

the height of a mountain’s peak above mean sea level

Question 3

Where can a mountain be located?

Answer 3

anywhere

Question 4

What are tectonic mountains?

Answer 4

Mountain landforms resulting from forces within the crust

Question 5

Buttes, pinnacles, and fins are thought to be erosional remnants of

Answer 5

plateaus

Question 6

What causes stone arches to form?

Answer 6

erosional forces

Question 7

What causes sand dunes to form?

Answer 7

Wind and water deposition

Question 8

Which type of rock are volcanoes made of?

Answer 8

Igneous

Question 9

what is a crater

Answer 9

a depression at the top of a cone

Question 10

what is a caldera

Answer 10

A huge crater-like depression formed when an explosion blows away the upper part of the cone

Question 11

what is a cone

Answer 11

when lava builds up

Question 12

what is a vent

Answer 12

When the magma forces its way to the surface and widens a hole

Question 13

What does the viscosity of lava depend on?

Answer 13

its silica content

Question 14

A rapid downhill movement of hot, solid, volcanic particles suspended in steam is

Answer 14

pyroclastic flow

Question 15

A layer of loose pyroclastic materials and ash covering the ground is called

Answer 15

tephra

Question 16

Where do most active volcanoes in the world exist? (near which type of plate boundaries?)

Answer 16

convergent plate boundary zones

Question 17

What are the 3 types of volcanoes? Which one is most common?

Answer 17

Shield volcano, cinder cone, and stratovolcano stratovolcano is most common

Question 18

When do young-earth geologists think most volcanoes formed?

Answer 18

after the flood

Question 19

What is the VEI of a volcano’s eruption based on?

Answer 19

Explosivity, tephra, hight of cloud, and description of the explosion

Question 20

Where do geologists believe that the earth’s interior temperature is the highest at?

Answer 20

inner core

Question 21

Mineral terraces are often associated with

Answer 21

hot springs

Question 22

What is a geyser?

Answer 22

A hot springs that shoots water

Question 23

What are the characteristics of a mineral? (whys a mineral a mineral?)

Answer 23

Not man made, not organic,not gasses or liquids, not lacking a crystalline structure

Question 24

What is the difference between a compound mineral, mineral mixture, and a native mineral?

Answer 24

Native mineral- a mineral made up of only 1 kind of atom
Mixture- a physical combo of 2 or more substances
Compound- composed of 2 or more separate elements

Question 25

Which test provides the best example of a mineral’s color?

Answer 25

streak

Question 26

What does a mineral’s crystal classification deal mostly with - color or shape?

Answer 26

shape

Question 27

Which mineral has perfect cleavage?

Answer 27

Fluoride

Question 28

what is the system called that is used to rate a mineral’s hardness? What is the range of the scale?

Answer 28

moh's scale 1-10

Question 29

When you are doing an acid test on a mineral, what are you watching for?

Answer 29

bubbles

Question 30

If a mineral extracts iron filings, it probably is

Answer 30

magnetism

Question 31

What are some examples of native minerals?

Answer 31

Elements gold and copper

Question 32

What are some minerals that are good conductors of electricity?

Answer 32

metals

Question 33

A carat is a unit of ___________, while karat is a unit of _____________.

Answer 33

carat= mass karat= purity

Question 34

Which class of minerals makes up most of the rocks in the earth’s crust?

Answer 34

silicates

Question 35

Igneous

Answer 35

Hardened lava or magma

Question 36

Sedimentary

Answer 36

form from small particles of eroded rocks or from dissolved chemicals

Question 37

Metamorphic

Answer 37

any rocks that result from changes to existing rocks

Question 38

Which type of tests would be best to use when identifying a rock?

Answer 38

Using acids or magnetism can help identify rocks by the minerals they contain. Size and arrangement of crystals Texture

Question 39

What are grains in a rock?

Answer 39

pieces and particles

Question 40

Which specific type of rocks do young-earth geologists believe the original igneous rocks were?

Answer 40

created the first three days of creation

Question 41

Many young-earth geologists think that the basement rocks created on the third day of Creation were probably

Answer 41

igneous rocks.

Question 42

what is the main reason igneous rocks like granite and basalt are often used for statues and important buildings?

Answer 42

it was very long lasting

Question 43

Know the steps of forming a sedimentary rock

Answer 43

Solid particles settled out according to size, density, or shape. Horizontal layers formed Each strata had similar minerals and particles of similar size

Question 44

Compaction Particles pressed more closely together by the weight above Spaces between particles became

Answer 44

smaller

Question 45

Cementation Gluing the particles together some minerals are

Answer 45

natural cements

Question 46

Which kind of sedimentary rock is most useful as a construction material?

Answer 46

limestone

Question 47

The original rock that was altered to form a metamorphic rock is the

Answer 47

sedimentary rock.

Question 48

What is the difference between foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rocks?

Answer 48

Compression forces acted mainly in one direction

Question 49

Which kind of rock used for building materials suffers the most damage from acid rain?

Answer 49

limestone

Question 50

What would high-quality marble rock most likely be used for?

Answer 50

Veneer stone on most government building

Question 51

According to the old-earth rock cycle, what will eventually happen to most rocks?

Answer 51

they'll become igneous rocks

Question 52

What does the young-earth view of historical geology conclude?

Answer 52

Only a tiny fraction of the rock cycle could occurred this the being subbuction of sedimentary rocks likely came from a fast catastrophic moment in history

Question 53

Melting sedimentary rocks in the crust can only happen through

Answer 53

subduction