what is penetration rate?
% of a target market using a product
what is the Internet?
a network of computers communicate using established protocols
what’s a computer?
a programmable electronic device that processes data
what is software?
all-encompassing term for non-physical systems like apps and operating systems
what does GUI stand for?
graphical user interface
what was the core component of the first computers?
switches (vacuum tubes) to control the flow of electricity
what is a transistor?
An electrical component used to switch electrical signals - controlling the flow of a current
what does IC stand for?
Integrated Circuit
what is a semiconductor?
a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator - is the base material for an IC or other component
what is a Very-large-scale-integrator (VLSI)?
the process of creating an IC by putting Ms of Bs of transistors on one chip (called a microprocessor)
what are Moore’s 2 Laws?
- # of transistors in an IC x2 every ~2yrs
- cost of a chip fab plant x2 every yr
what are ICs built on?
silicon wafer
who are the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) ?
the board controlling standards and protocol relevance to the internet
what is an IDM?
Integrated Design Manufacturer:
design, fabricates and sells own chips
eg. TSMC (Taiwan)
what do protocols do?
they define the format and order of messages sent and received among network entities
define bandwidth
the rate of bits per second ie transmission rate
what is packet switching?
A method of data transmission in which data is broken into small blocks and reassembled into their original order at their destination
[like transporting a bed vs Ikea bed]
what is routing?
a method of finding paths from origins to destinations
what is the difference bw Global action and Local action in routing?
local moves input link to output link
global determines source-destination path taken by packets
[like ordering a takeaway - you vs the courier]
when was the birth of the Internet?
Oct 29, 1969
Algorithm vs Protocol
instructions to produce result
vs
rules while communicating - may use 0,1,+ algorithms to respect rule
who are some of the founders of the Internet?
- Leonard Kleinrock (Internet pioneer and queuing theory)
- Vinton Cerf (father of the internet)
- Bob Kahn (father of the internet)
- Gordon Moore (microchip manufacturer)
what are the three main layers of how the Internet works?
- first / last mile (surface to access the network)
- Internet Hubs
- Internet backbone (core)
what does ICANN stand for?
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
