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Science Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, and gas.

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2
Q

True or False: Solids have a definite shape and volume.

A

True.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: In a liquid, particles are ______ than in a solid.

A

less tightly packed.

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4
Q

Which state of matter has the least energy?

A

Solid.

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5
Q

What happens to the particles in a solid when it is heated?

A

They gain energy and vibrate more.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gases? A) No definite shape B) Definite volume C) High energy

A

B) Definite volume.

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7
Q

True or False: Liquids can flow and take the shape of their container.

A

True.

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8
Q

What is the process called when a solid turns into a liquid?

A

Melting.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called ______.

A

Evaporation.

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10
Q

What term describes the amount of space an object takes up?

A

Volume.

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11
Q

Multiple Choice: Which state of matter expands to fill its container? A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas

A

C) Gas.

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12
Q

What happens to the volume of gas when it is compressed?

A

It decreases.

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13
Q

True or False: All substances can exist in all three states of matter.

A

True.

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14
Q

What is the process of a gas turning into a liquid called?

A

Condensation.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The particles in a ______ are tightly packed and vibrate in place.

A

Solid.

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16
Q

What is the term for the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid?

A

Melting point.

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17
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following has a definite volume but no definite shape? A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas

A

B) Liquid.

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18
Q

What happens to the particles in a gas when it is cooled?

A

They lose energy and move closer together.

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19
Q

True or False: Gases have a definite volume.

A

False.

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20
Q

What is sublimation?

A

The process of a solid turning directly into a gas.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ of a solid is usually higher than that of a liquid or gas.

A

Density.

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22
Q

What is the term for the change of state from liquid to solid?

A

Freezing.

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23
Q

Multiple Choice: Which state of matter is most compressible? A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas

A

C) Gas.

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24
Q

What is the boiling point of water at sea level?

A

100 degrees Celsius.

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25
True or False: In a liquid, particles are free to move past each other.
True.
26
Fill in the blank: The process of changing from a gas to a solid is called ______.
Deposition.
27
28
29
What does the kinetic theory of matter explain?
It explains the behavior of matter in terms of the motion of its particles.
30
True or False: According to the kinetic theory, all matter is made up of tiny particles.
True
31
Fill in the blank: The kinetic energy of particles increases with __________.
temperature
32
What are the three states of matter described by the kinetic theory?
Solid, liquid, gas
33
How do particles in a solid behave according to the kinetic theory?
They vibrate in fixed positions.
34
In which state of matter do particles have the highest kinetic energy?
Gas
35
What is the main difference in particle arrangement between liquids and gases?
Liquids have closely packed particles, while gases have widely spaced particles.
36
Multiple Choice: Which state of matter has a definite shape?
Solid
37
True or False: Gases can be compressed easily because of the large spaces between their particles.
True
38
What happens to the motion of particles when a substance is heated?
The motion of the particles increases.
39
Fill in the blank: In a liquid, particles can __________ past one another.
slide
40
What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy in particles?
As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles also increases.
41
Multiple Choice: Which of the following has the least kinetic energy?
Solid
42
Fill in the blank: The kinetic theory helps explain __________ and __________ of gases.
pressure, temperature
43
What is diffusion in the context of the kinetic theory of gases?
The process by which gas particles spread out to fill a container.
44
True or False: In a gas, particles are in constant random motion.
True
45
What is the effect of increasing pressure on gas particles?
It forces them closer together, increasing their frequency of collisions.
46
Multiple Choice: Which principle states that gas pressure increases with temperature if volume is constant?
Gay-Lussac's Law
47
What is the significance of the average kinetic energy of particles?
It is directly proportional to the temperature of the substance.
48
Fill in the blank: The kinetic theory can be applied to __________ substances as well as __________ substances.
ideal, real
49
True or False: The kinetic theory assumes that particles have no volume.
True
50
What do we call the energy possessed by an object due to its motion?
Kinetic energy
51
How does the kinetic theory relate to the ideal gas law?
It provides a molecular basis for the behavior of gases described by the ideal gas law.
52
Fill in the blank: In solids, the particles are __________ together.
tightly packed
53
What role does temperature play in the kinetic theory of matter?
It determines the average kinetic energy of the particles.
54
What is a change of state?
A change of state is the transformation of a substance from one physical state to another, such as solid, liquid, or gas.
55
True or False: Melting is the process of a solid becoming a gas.
False
56
Fill in the blank: The process of a liquid turning into a gas is called __________.
evaporation
57
What is the term for a gas changing into a liquid?
condensation
58
Which state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
solid
59
What happens to the particles of a substance during melting?
The particles gain energy and move apart, breaking the bonds that hold them in a fixed position.
60
True or False: Freezing is the change of state from liquid to solid.
True
61
What is sublimation?
Sublimation is the process where a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first.
62
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of condensation? A) Ice melting, B) Water vapor forming on a cold glass, C) Dry ice turning into gas.
B) Water vapor forming on a cold glass
63
What is the reverse process of evaporation called?
condensation
64
Fill in the blank: The temperature at which a liquid boils is called its __________.
boiling point
65
True or False: All substances have the same melting and boiling points.
False
66
What is it called when a gas changes directly into a solid?
deposition
67
Multiple Choice: Which process involves a solid becoming a liquid? A) Freezing, B) Melting, C) Condensation.
B) Melting
68
What is the effect of temperature on the change of state?
Increasing temperature generally provides energy for particles to change state, while decreasing temperature removes energy.
69
Fill in the blank: The __________ point is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.
melting
70
True or False: Evaporation occurs only at the boiling point of a liquid.
False
71
What is the process called when a liquid freezes to become a solid?
freezing
72
Multiple Choice: Which state of matter has no definite shape but has a definite volume? A) Solid, B) Liquid, C) Gas.
B) Liquid
73
What happens to the energy of particles when they condense?
The energy decreases, causing particles to come closer together.
74
Fill in the blank: The change of state from gas to solid is known as __________.
deposition
75
True or False: Sublimation occurs at low temperatures.
False
76
What is the term for the amount of energy needed to change a substance from solid to liquid?
heat of fusion
77
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of sublimation? A) Ice melting, B) Dry ice turning into carbon dioxide gas, C) Water boiling.
B) Dry ice turning into carbon dioxide gas
78
What happens during the boiling process?
The liquid reaches its boiling point and turns into vapor throughout the liquid, not just at the surface.
79
Fill in the blank: The transition from liquid to gas at any temperature is called __________.
evaporation
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