What happens to the acceleration of an object that is free falling (only gravity is acting on it)?
Acceleration remains constant
The acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.8 m/s².
What happens to the speed and the acceleration of an object when gravity is equal to air resistance?
Speed becomes constant; acceleration is zero
This state is known as terminal velocity.
What is the SI unit for Mass, Weight, and Force?
- Mass: Kilogram (kg)
- Weight: Newton (N)
- Force: Newton (N)
These units are used in physics to measure different physical quantities.
How to calculate Weight and Force?
- Weight = mass x gravity (W = m x g)
- Force = mass x acceleration (F = m x a)
Weight is influenced by gravitational force, while force is influenced by acceleration.
What happens to mass and weight of an object as it moves through the planets?
- Mass remains constant
- Weight changes depending on gravitational pull
Weight varies due to differences in gravity on different planets.
What is the cause of weight change on Earth? Throughout the Universe?
Gravity
Weight changes based on the gravitational force exerted by the planet or celestial body.
Difference between non-fundamental and fundamental forces?
- Fundamental forces: Strong nuclear, weak nuclear, electromagnetic, gravitational
- Non-fundamental forces: Friction, tension, normal force
Fundamental forces are the basic forces of nature, while non-fundamental forces arise from interactions of matter.
What can be used to demonstrate a force?
A vector
A vector displays the magnitude and direction of a force.
Put in order from weak to strong the fundamental forces and identify their functions.
- Gravitational Force: Attracts masses
- Weak Nuclear Force: Responsible for radioactive decay
- Electromagnetic Force: Acts between charged particles
- Strong Nuclear Force: Holds protons and neutrons together
This order reflects the relative strength of each force.
Which fundamental force holds nuclei together?
Strong Nuclear Force
It is the strongest force but acts over very short distances.
When do forces attract and repel?
- Attract: Opposite charges
- Repel: Like charges
This principle applies to electromagnetic forces.
Gravitational acceleration on Earth is __________.
9.8 m/s²
This value represents the acceleration due to Earth’s gravity.
Explain the law of universal gravitation.
Every mass attracts every other mass
The force of attraction is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
What are the factors that affect gravity?
- Mass of objects
- Distance between objects
Greater mass increases gravitational attraction; greater distance decreases it.
What is the difference between mass and weight?
- Mass: Amount of matter
- Weight: Gravitational force on that mass
Mass is constant, while weight varies with gravity.
Is gravity a strong or weak force?
Weak force
Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces.
The force of gravity that a car exerts on a mouse is (less, equal to, or greater) than the force the mouse exerts on the car.
Equal to
According to Newton’s third law, every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
What determines the force of gravitational attraction between objects?
- Mass of the objects
- Distance between the objects
These factors are described by the law of universal gravitation.
When do we use a balance and a scale?
- Balance: To measure mass
- Scale: To measure weight
A balance compares mass, while a scale measures the gravitational pull on that mass.
How is a vector different from a scalar?
Vector has direction; scalar does not
Vectors represent quantities like force, while scalars represent quantities like mass.
Can mass be zero and can weight be zero?
- Mass: Cannot be zero
- Weight: Can be zero in a vacuum
Weight can be zero if there is no gravitational pull.
What is a force?
A push or pull on an object
Forces cause motion, stop motion, or change direction.
A force is described by its strength (magnitude) and direction in which it acts.
True
Direction and strength can be represented by an arrow.
What can forces do?
- Stop motion
- Change speed
- Change direction
Examples include catching a ball or changing a car’s direction.
