It explains that all matter is made of tiny, invisible particles (atoms, molecules, ions) that are in constant, random motion, with forces holding them together.
PARTICULATE MODEL OF MATTER
Single element
ATOM
Two or more elements
MOLECULES
Define shape and volume. Particles are very close together.
SOLIDS
Indefinite shape, definite volume, particles are not very close together.
LIQUIDS
Indefinite shape and volume
Particles are very far apart, move freely and have wide spaces between them, making them easily compressible.
GASES
This refers to the space occupied by the gas. The SI unit for
volume is cubic meter (cm^3).
VOLUME
Refers to the force exerted by a gas against the wall of its
container. The SI unit for pressure is Pascal (Pa).
PRESSURE
Measured in moles (mol)
AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE
The measure of the average kinetic energy or the motion of the gas particles. Measure of hotness or coldness. The SI unit for temperature is Kelvin (K).
TEMPERATURE
Describes the inverse relationship between volume and pressure of gases held at constant amounts and temperature.
Discovered by Robert Boyle.
BOYLE’S LAW
Describes the direct relationship between volume and temperature of gases held at constant pressure.
Discovered by Charles Jacques.
CHARLES’ LAW.
The SI unit for temperature.
KELVIN
Converting CELSIUS to KELVIN?
CELSIUS + 273.15
Converting KELVIN to CELSIUS?
KELVIN – 273.15
P1V1 = P2V2
BOYLE’S LAW FORMULA
V1T2=V2T1
CHARLES’ LAW FORMULA
A refrigerant in an air conditioning unit has a volume of 0.30 L. The unit is kept running in a room where the pressure is about 625 mm of mercury (mmHg). Assuming that the temperature inside the room remains constant, what will be the final pressure of the refrigerator when its volume is increased to 1.00 L?
P2 = 187.50 mmHg
Oxygen gas occupies a volume of 1.20 L at 720 atm pressure. What volume will it occupy at 1 atm of pressure?
V2 = 864 L
An aerosol can contains 0.452 L of gas at 22.0 °C. What will be the final volume of the gas at a constant pressure if the temperature is increased to 187.0 °C?
V2=0.70 L
A sample of gas is stored in a 2.00 L container at a temperature of 294.15 K. The gas is then compressed to a volume of 1.00 L while the pressure remains constant. Find its final temperature in Celsius.
T2 = -126.08 °C
