science

Question 1

What is the endocrine system

Answer 1

• a collection of hormone-secreting glands in the body
• responses are slow though long-lasting
• responds to stimuli by secreting hormones into blood
• connected by bloodstream only

Question 2

what do hormones do

Answer 2

• regulates metabolism, tissue function, sexual function, mood, growth & development.

Question 3

what is the nervous system responsible for

Answer 3

• in controlling bodily fluids
• made from a network of nerves & cells transmitting signals to & from the body
• response can be fast or slow depending on neurons
• responds by detecting signals from receptors
• transmits signals through sensory, inter-neurons and motor neurons
• connected by nerves/cells/neurons

Question 4

what is the central nervous system

Answer 4

• includes brain & spinal cord
• control center of body
• ## processes & responds to all messages from PNS

Question 5

what is the peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

• autonomic & somatic nervous system + sub parts
• ## transmits sensory & motor impulses through nerves

Question 6

what does the somatic nervous system do

Answer 6

• controls voluntary movements

walking, eating a cake, riding a bike

Question 7

what does the autonomic nervous system do

Answer 7

• controls involuntary movements

heartbeat, breathing, blinking

Question 8

differences of nervous systems

Answer 8

• CNS consists of inter-neurons, PNS consists of sensory & motor neurons

Question 9

what are the main parts of the brain

Answer 9

Cerebrum , cerebellum, brain stem

Question 10

what is the brain stem

Answer 10

• base of brain

- responsible for other involuntary actions like heartbeat, digestion & breathing

Question 11

what is the cerebrum

Answer 11

• largest part of brain

- controls voluntary actions, 5 senses & conscious thoughts

Question 12

what is the cerebellum

Answer 12

• small part of brain behind cerebrum

- coordinates muscular activity without you having to think about it (involuntary actions)

Question 13

facts

Answer 13

• neurons are cells that transfer electrical messages

-

Question 14

what are the types of neurons

Answer 14

sensory, motor & inter-neurons

Question 15

parts of a cell

Answer 15

cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, terminal branches of axon

Question 16

what is the cell body

Answer 16

support center/ the cells life

Question 17

define dendrites

Answer 17

in charge of receiving messages from other cells

Question 18

define axon

Answer 18

passes messages away from cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands from dendrites

Question 19

define myelin sheath

Answer 19

covers axons & helps speed neural impulses through axon

Question 20

define terminal branches of axon

Answer 20

form junctions

Question 21

define sensory neurons

Answer 21

• transmits detected stimuli

- receptors specialised nervous tissue sensitive to a specific stimuli

Question 22

define motor neurons

Answer 22

• sends impulse from brain & spinal cord to other systems
• allows body to react to stimuli

Question 23

define inter neurons

Answer 23

• found in brain & spinal cord
• carry messages from 1 part of CNS to another
• interconnect the sensory neurons with appropriate motor neurons

Question 24

define receptors

Answer 24

• group of specialised cells detecting change in environment (stimuli) turning into impulses
• sensitive to 5 senses

Question 25

define effectors

Answer 25

- react to command

Question 26

what is a relfex action

Answer 26

- involuntary actions only going from spinal cord & back through body - usually reacting from danger

Question 27

extra parts of brain

Answer 27

``` right cerebral hemisphere - perception, decision making, language, consciousness= human experiences left cerebral hemisphere - joined with thick bridge of white tissues (corpus calliosum) pons - important for attention medulla oblongata - houses breathing control centers ```

Question 28

what is the synapse

Answer 28

- neurons do not touch - gap between 2 nerve cells - electrical impulse releases chemicals called neurotransmitters transmitting signals across synapse

Question 29

what is a neurotransmitter

Answer 29

a chemical messenger which transmits signals across a chemical synaps from one neuron to another target neuron, muscle, gland

Question 30

what is homeostasis

Answer 30

- ability to maintain a constant internal balance in response to change - occurs when there is an imbalance in nervous system - the balance in our body for negative feedback

Question 31

homeostasis cycle

Answer 31

stimulus > sensor > control > effector > negative feedback loop

Question 32

what is the endocrine system made of

Answer 32

- ovaries/testes - adrenal glands - pancrease - thymus - thyroid gland - pituitary gland - hypothalamus pineal gland

Question 33

types of diabetes

Answer 33

``` Type 1 - insulin dependent, more severe Type 2 - non-insulin dependent Diabetes mellitus - most common ```

Question 34

what is diabetes

Answer 34

- when blood glucose is too high | - Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose from food get into your cells to be used for energy

Question 35

define glucagon

Answer 35

- promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver | - increases blood sugar