How to separate a solid-liquid?
Use filtration if the solid is soluble
Use evaporation to dryness(to get solid)/simple distillation(to get liquid) if the solid is insoluble
Which is the residue or filtrate in filtration?
Residue: Solid
Filtrate: Liquid
Define Distillation
Distillation is the process of seperating substances with different boiling points through boiling and condensation.
What are the 5 seperation techiques
Magnetic Attraction
Filtration
Evaporation
Distillation
Chromatography
What is residue
Solid that is left behind after filtration
What are some applications of chromatography
- Identify colours in dyes
- identify coloured substances used in food products
- detect water pollutants
Magnetic and non-magnetic substances can be seperated by __________.
Magnetic Attraction
Substances with different particle sizes can be seperated by __________.
Filtration
Dissolved solids can be seperated to obtain a solid by ___________.
Evaporation
Substances with different boiling points can be seperated to obtain a liquid by ____________.
Distillation
Substances that dissolve to different extents in a solvent can be seperated by ___________.
Chromatography
How to seperate a mixture with ink
Paper Chromatography
In distillation, what is the purpose of the boiling chips
Boiling Chips halp to smoothen the boiling process in the distillation flask.
Why should the thermometer bulb be placed at the entry of the condenser?
This is to ensure that the thermometer measures the boiling point of the substance that is being distilled.
Why does alcohol distill over first before water?
Alcohol(78°C) has a lower boiling point than water(100°C)
How to check the purity of the separated liquids
Measure the boiling points of the liquids.
Name three dissolved substances
Inks, food colourings and plant dyes.
In paper chromatography, why is it necessary to use pencil for markings instead of a pen?
Pencil is insoluble in the solvent and hence will not intefere with the results of the experiment
Why must the starting line be above the solvent level?
The dye(sample) will dissolve in the solvent and will not move up the filter paper.
What is the filter paper used for?
The filter paper has tiny pores that allow the smaller liquid particles to pass through while trapping the larger solid particles. The trapped solid particles that remain on the filter paper is called the residue.
What happens when matter is heated?
The particles gain energy and vibrate more vigorously. The particles move slightly further apart from one another, causing the volume of matter to increase. This process is called expansion.
When the volume of matter changes during expansion/contraction, the size/amount of particles increase/decrease.
True or False? Explain your answer.
False. The particles move slighlty further apart from one another.
Which process is faster, Boiling or evaporating?
Boiling
