Science - Physics | Test #4

Question 1

Newton’s 1st Law of Motion

Answer 1

An object will stay at rest or move in a particular direction and speed unless another force acts on it

Question 2

Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion

Answer 2

The acceleration of an object is a balance between mass of the object and the force acting on the object

Question 3

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

Answer 3

For every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction

Question 4

Classical Mechanics

Answer 4

Branch of physics
Motion of everyday objects in our universe
Eg. Bernoulli’s Principle
Allows us to why certain objects can fly

Question 5

Quantum Mechanics

Answer 5

Interaction of atoms and subatomic particles
Probabilities of occurrences at the atomic level

Question 6

Quantum Mechanics Examples

Answer 6

Eg. Heat travelling through a Vacuum
CM, heat can only travel through a vacuum through radiation
QM, fluctuations that pop in and out of existence in a vacuum that allow for heat to transfer though these fluctuations

Question 7

Relativistic Mechanics

Answer 7

How matter behaves as it approaches the speed of light

Question 8

Relativistic Mechanics example

Answer 8

Eg. Perceptions of Time
A person who is travelling close to the speed of light compared to another person travelling at a slower speed will experience a slowing down of time compared to the slower person
Due to the mass of the person increasing as the person moves faster

Question 9

Leaning Tower of Pisa(12th century)

Answer 9

Not designed to be tilted
Unstable after first 2 stories
Curved upper stories to compensate
4 degrees

Question 10

Centre of Gravity

Answer 10

Imaginary point in an object around which the gravity acts on it
Near the centre of the object where mass is most concentrated
Ex. Human Body
Pelvic area
Changes depending on height and girth

Question 11

Support for Stability

Answer 11

Support structure of the object needs to be able to support the center of gravity
Ex. Chair
Has legs that create a base of support that allows the cog to be within the middle
If not, the chair will tip over

Question 12

States of equilibrium

Answer 12

3 states

Question 13

Stable Equilibrium

Answer 13

The object is slightly displaced but can stay upright
Ex rocking chair

Question 14

Unstable Equilibrium

Answer 14

If the object is displaced it cause it to topple
Ex football standing on it’s nose
Small base of the football will create temporary balance, but as force is applied to the football it will topple

Question 15

Topspin

Answer 15

allows the ball to move faster through the air and it allows the ball to curve downwards quicker

Question 16

Definition of M effect

Answer 16

Describes a phenomenon of deflection affecting spinning objects that they would not experience normally experience when not spinning

Question 17

who discovered M effect

Answer 17

Heinrich Magnus(German physicist)
Determined that air pressure on either side of a spinning object affects the direction of the object
A variation on Newton’s Third Law of Motion

Question 18

Physics

Answer 18

When an object is spinning through the air, it creates areas of high pressure and low pressure around it
Pockets of lap will occur in the areas where the air is moving faster compared to the surrounding area
Hp around the object will try to equalize with the lap which pushes the object in the direction of the lap

Question 19

Applications for Locomotion ships

Answer 19

Rotor sailships, or Flettner sail ships, use the M effect to create motion on surfaces of water without the need for wind
Rotors would spin and create pressure differences which would propel the boat forward

Question 20

Applications for Locomotion planes

Answer 20

Flettner Airplanes would use the same rotors horizontally to create lift
The rotors would spin backwards and allow low pressure to occur above the cylinder

Question 21

Applications for Locomotion bullets

Answer 21

M effect can affect objects as small as bullets shot as long range(spindrift)
Where the spinning motion will encourage greater motion to one direction

Question 22

G-Force

Answer 22

Acceleration of an object relative to earth’s gravity
Sitting - 1G (regular pull of earth)

Question 23

Centripetal Force example

Answer 23

Roller Coaster
Electromagnetic force(i.e. electricity) and momentum forces the cars on a roller coaster to withstand gravity’s force

Question 24

Centripetal Force

Answer 24

Makes moving objects travel in a curved/circular path
Outside force is applied to the object

Question 25

Inertia and Rotation

Answer 25

Object stays at rest or moves in a direction unless another object/force acts on it(N 1st Law of Motion) In circular Motion, an object is trying to move in a certain direction, but is constantly being forced to change direction Ex Hammer Throw

Question 26

Centrifugal force

Answer 26

Force that forces an object to “flee from the centre” Consequence of resisting Inertia Ex. Moon’s rotation around earth

Question 27

Which direction do hurricanes in the N hemisphere spin?

Answer 27

ccw

Question 28

Coriolis Effect definition

Answer 28

A force that makes objects appear to be moving in a curved direction instead of straight Comes from rotational movement around the object

Question 29

Cori effect definition ex

Answer 29

Earth spins towards the east forcing objects not attached to the ground to be affected by its spin

Question 30

C effect, effects on Earth

Answer 30

Clouds and air aren’t bound to earth(affected by earth's spin) Hurricanes are the most demonstrable ex of the C effect on earth

Question 31

Hurricane rotations

Answer 31

NH:ccw SH:cw

Question 32

Helicopters

Answer 32

Helicopter can fly upside down Not designed to Couple seconds at most

Question 33

rotorcraft background

Answer 33

Bamboo copters Leonardo da Vinci's aerial screw design worked off the same premise of rotating blades for flight

Question 34

weight

Answer 34

Amount of force that gravity pulling down on an object

Question 35

drag

Answer 35

resistance

Question 36

thrust

Answer 36

propels forward

Question 37

lift

Answer 37

Based on Bernoulli's principle Using airfoils The air travelling above the airfoil is faster than the air travelling below This creates lower pressure above the airfoil, and higher pressure below the airfoil, which creates Lift rotation of the airfoils is needed to artificially create enough airspeed to allow for Lift

Question 38

helicopter stability

Answer 38

Rotation of the airfoil blades will create instability(torque[newton’s third law of motion])

Question 39

helicopter st ex

Answer 39

Ex. if the blade of a helicopter rotate in cw the helicopter needs to rotate ccw Tail rotors are often used to counter the torque on helicopters by pushing the fuselage to rotate against the t rotation

Question 40

Cyclic pitch

Answer 40

Cp is the pilot’s ability to change the angle of the rotation airfoil blades to allow for movement in the air

Question 41

helicopter forward

Answer 41

Moving the c forward cause the nose to point down increase the airspeed but decreases altitude

Question 42

helicopter l or r

Answer 42

blades are tilted so there is greater lift on the blades opposite the direction the pilot wants to go

Question 43

Changes to cf

Answer 43

Speed, mass, and radius of an object Changes to r or mass changes the cf force proportionally Changes in speed changes the cf force by the square of the change Ex. speed +3 = cf f +9