Science PT 10

Question 1

Changes in the earth that happen over time or gradually

Answer 1

Slow

Question 2

changes in the earth that happen immediately

Answer 2

Fast

Question 3

examples of slow changes

Answer 3

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition

Question 4

examples of fast changes

Answer 4

Earthquake: Landslides, liquefaction

Volcanic Eruptions: Caldera, New Landforms

Question 5

Breaking down of rocks and minerals on the earths surface

Answer 5

Weathering

Question 6

Types of weathering

Answer 6

mechanical and chemical

Question 7

What is Mechanical?

Answer 7

the face change of the rock

Question 8

What is Chemical?

Answer 8

the change of chemical composition of the rock.

Question 8

A mountain hiker notices that after a cold night, small cracks in a rock became larger by the next morning. Later in spring, the cracks are even wider. Which weathering process caused this?

Answer 8

freeze-thaw

Question 9

At a shoreline, waves continuously crash and make rocks bump against each other, gradually becoming smooth and rounded. What type of weathering is this?

Answer 9

Abrasion

Question 10

A geologist observes that rocks near a desert coastline are slowly crumbling. They discover that salty water had seeped into cracks, dried up, and left crystals that expanded inside the rocks. What weathering process

Answer 10

Haloclasty

Question 11

In a forest trail, roots of trees are seen pushing apart sidewalks and breaking small boulders apart as the roots grow thicker. What process is at work?

Answer 11

Plant wedging

Question 12

A limestone cave forms after slightly acidic rainwater (carbonic acid) dissolves the calcium carbonate in the rock over thousands of years. What type of weathering is this?

Answer 12

Carbonation

Question 13

A farmer notices that certain minerals from the rocks in his field are being washed away after frequent rain, leaving the soil with fewer nutrients. Which process best explains this?

Answer 13

Dissolution

Question 14

A large rock containing iron turns reddish-brown after years of exposure to air and rain. What caused this color change?

Answer 14

oxidation

Question 15

Granite in a mountain is slowly altered when feldspar minerals inside react with acidic rainwater, forming clay and salts that wash away. Which weathering is this?

Answer 15

Hydrolysis (Minerals react)

Question 16

transfer or transportation of materials from one place to another

Answer 16

Erosion

Question 17

the settling of earthen materials

Answer 17

Deposition

Question 18

What category does Deltas fall into?

Answer 18

Deposition

Question 19

After a heavy rain, a farmer notices that the topsoil in his field looks scattered and uneven, as if tiny craters were formed from the impact of water drops. What process is this?

Answer 19

Splash erosion

Question 20

During a storm, water rushes down a sloped road carrying mud, rocks, and trash along with it. The flowing water displaces soil and carves shallow channels into the ground. Which type of erosion occurred?

Answer 20

Run offs/ Flashflood

Question 21

A fishing village near the sea notices that their shoreline has been shrinking over the years. The constant pounding of waves has carried away sand and rocks, reshaping the coast. Which process is this?

Answer 21

Coastal erosio

Question 22

A river that was once narrow has widened over centuries, carving deeper into the earth and creating a V-shaped formation between mountains. What process is this?

Answer 22

Valley Erosion

Question 23

After days of continuous rainfall, a hillside collapses, sending rocks and soil tumbling down rapidly into the road below. Which type of erosion is this?

Answer 23

Mass wasting

Question 24

In a desert region, strong winds blow sand across the landscape, slowly shaping sand dunes into new forms over time. Which process is this?

Answer 24

Aeolian Process

Question 25

What are the agents of erosion

Answer 25

Water Wind (Long ago, the four nations lived together in harmony. Then, everything changed when the Fire Nation attacked...) Gravity animals and humans

Question 26

A government builds a huge dam to supply electricity. Over the years, the river’s natural flow changes, sediments pile up behind the dam, and downstream areas are deprived of fresh soil deposits. Which agent of erosion is at work?

Answer 26

Humans (construction of dam)

Question 27

In a coastal town, workers extract large amounts of sand for construction. As a result, the shoreline weakens, erodes faster, and nearby structures become unstable. This is an example of erosion caused by:

Answer 27

humans (sand mining)

Question 28

A group of rodents digs tunnels through farmland soil. Over time, this loosens the soil structure and makes it more prone to being washed away by rain. Which agent of erosion is at play?

Answer 28

animals

Question 29

A systematic approach to identify, assessing, and reducing the risk of a disaster

Answer 29

DRR (Disaster Risk Reduction)

Question 30

Dangerous phenomena, substances, human activities, or conditions that may cause harm

Answer 30

Risks and hazards

Question 31

Actions taken before the disaster happens to prevent or minimize the damage

Answer 31

mitaging (pre-disaster)

Question 32

conducted to identify hazards

Answer 32

Risk assessment

Question 33

They monitor earthquakes and volcanic activity

Answer 33

PHIVOLCS (NOT PHIL) Philippine Institute of volcanology and seismology

Question 34

They provide weather, typhoon, and flood forecasts

Answer 34

PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and astronomical services administration

Question 35

They coordinate the disaster risk reduction management

Answer 35

NDRRMC National disaster risk reduction management council

Question 36

They prepare relief goods, evacuation centers, and welfare programs

Answer 36

DSWD Department of social welfare development

Question 37

Actions and programs during the disaster

Answer 37

Intra-disaster (response)

Question 37

Prepares medical teams, supplies and public health advisories

Answer 37

DOH Department of Health

Question 38

Programs during intra disaster

Answer 38

Rescue efforts Evacuation Programs Medical Response Relief Operations

Question 39

Actions taken after the disaster

Answer 39

Post Disaster(Recovery and rehabilitation)

Question 40

Conducted first to identify priorities

Answer 40

Needs assessment

Question 41

a potential source of danger that may cause harm if not managed

Answer 41

Hazard

Question 41

A possibility or chance that a hazard will cause harm

Answer 41

Risk

Question 42

Also called plate margin and this is where the Earth's lithosphere meets

Answer 42

Plate Boundaries

Question 43

Thicker but less dense plate

Answer 43

Continental plate

Question 44

Thinner but denser plate

Answer 44

Oceanic plate

Question 45

Also called as constructive margin, this is where two plates move apart from each other

Answer 45

Divergent plate

Question 46

A submarine expedition discovers a long underwater mountain chain where magma continuously rises and forms new crust, pushing the ocean floor apart. What plate boundary is this?

Answer 46

Oceanic divergence

Question 46

Scientists studying East Africa observe cracks in the ground stretching apart, with the land slowly sinking into a valley. Over time, this region is expected to split into separate landmasses. What boundary is this?

Answer 46

Continental Divergence

Question 47

Also called the destructive margin and this is where two plates collide with each other

Answer 47

Convergent

Question 48

Along the west coast of South America, a denser oceanic plate dives beneath a continental plate, creating a deep trench offshore and a line of volcanoes inland. Which boundary does this describe?

Answer 48

Continental Oceanic Convergence

Question 49

In the Pacific Ocean, one oceanic plate slides beneath another, forming the Mariana Trench and volcanic island chains like Japan. What type of plate boundary is this?

Answer 49

Oceanic convergence

Question 50

Geologists note that two massive landmasses collided millions of years ago, pushing the crust upward to form the Himalayan mountain range. What plate boundary caused this?

Answer 50

Continental convergence

Question 51

Also called the conservative margin and this is where two plates slide each other HORIZONTALLY

Answer 51

Transform

Question 52

Along the San Andreas Fault in California, two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally. This movement causes frequent earthquakes but no mountains or volcanoes form. What boundary is this?

Answer 52

Transform

Question 53

landforms created in Oceanic Divergence

Answer 53

mid ocean ridges underwater basins

Question 54

landform created in continental divergence

Answer 54

rift valleys

Question 55

landforms created in continental oceanic convergence

Answer 55

Trenches volcanic Arc

Question 56

Landforms created in oceanic convergence

Answer 56

deep ocean trenches volcanic island arcs

Question 57

landform created in continental convergence

Answer 57

mountain ranges

Question 58

landform created in transform

Answer 58

faults

Question 59

a process in which oceanic plates split apart from each other

Answer 59

seafloor spreading

Question 60

a process where the earth's lithosphere is stretched and pulled apart

Answer 60

Rifting

Question 61

A process where an oceanic plate sink beneath a continental plate because it's denser

Answer 61

Subduction (continental oceanic)

Question 62

a process where an older and denser oceanic plate sink beneath and younger and less dense plate

Answer 62

subduction (oceanic-oceanic)

Question 63

cracks in the lithosphere

Answer 63

Faults

Question 64

theory that explains the movement of the earth's lithosphere

Answer 64

plate tectonic theory

Question 65

what semi fluid layer does the plates float on

Answer 65

asthenosphere

Question 66

composed of crust and uppermost mantle

Answer 66

Lithosphere

Question 67

what are the major plates

Answer 67

North american south american eurasian (asia and europe) Pacific Indo-australian (india and australian) African antartic

Question 68

What is the largest and smallest plate in the major plates of the earth

Answer 68

Pacific (largest) South America (smallest)

Question 69

you can rearrange and merge the pieces, what kind of evidence

Answer 69

Jigsaw

Question 70

coastal deposition, resulting in new landforms

Answer 70

Largest overlaps

Question 71

Coastal erosion, removal of landmass

Answer 71

Largest gap

Question 72

overlaps and gaps is what type of evidence

Answer 72

Jigsaw

Question 73

A rock formation visible on the surface, are lined up or continuous from one continent to the other

Answer 73

Geological fit

Question 74

stable interior portion of a continent, composed of crystalline basement rock

Answer 74

Cratons (geological fit evidence)

Question 75

FLORA AND FAUNA

Answer 75

Fossil records

Question 76

glaciers leave scratches on underlying bedrock

Answer 76

glacial striations

Question 77

rock debris left by glaciers

Answer 77

Tillites

Question 78

great glaciation

Answer 78

perm-carboniferous

Question 79

paleomagnetism a process where measuring and determining the direction and intensity of ancient magnetic field is what evidence

Answer 79

polarity

Question 80

what device do geologist use to measure magnetic signals in rocks

Answer 80

magnetometers

Question 81

outer most and thinnest and least dense layer, MADE UP OF BASALT AND GRANITE

Answer 81

Crust

Question 82

thickest layer of the earth, MADE UP OF MAGNESIUM AND IRON

Answer 82

Mantle

Question 83

Innermost and densest layer of the earth, MADE UP OF IRON AND NICKEL

Answer 83

Core

Question 84

composed of the crust and uppermost mantle, broken into pieces, and rigid and solid

Answer 84

Lithosphere

Question 85

Part of the upper mantle, acts like a viscous semi-fluid

Answer 85

Asthenosphere

Question 86

lower mantle, rigid and less ductile, moves in a much slower rate

Answer 86

Mesosphere

Question 87

liquid form, responsible for the magnetic field generation

Answer 87

Outer core

Question 88

solid, fcking dense and heavy, MADE UP OF IRON AND NICKEL

Answer 88

Inner core

Question 89

Compositional vs mechanical layers of the earth

Answer 89

Compositional (the big three) - crust - mantle - core mechanical - lithosphere - asthenosphere - mesosphere - outer core - inner core

Question 90

boundary between mantle and crust

Answer 90

Mohorovičić Discontinuity or moho (MOHO IS ALWAYS THE FIRST CRUST AND MANTLE)

Question 91

Boundary between mantle and core

Answer 91

Gutenburg Discontinuity

Question 92

hot material rises, cold materials sinks, and the induced helps with the tectonic movement The reason why the plates move

Answer 92

Mantle convection

Question 93

theory that suggests that the Earth's continents were all connected before

Answer 93

Continental drift theory

Question 94

Stages of the Continents with their oceans

Answer 94

Pangea /w Panthalassa ocean (250m yrs) Laurasia and Gondwana (gondwanaland) /w Tethys ocean (200m yrs) Current (65m yrs)

Question 95

Permian period

Answer 95

Pangea

Question 96

Triassic Period

Answer 96

Laurasia and Gondwana

Question 97

Cretaceous Period

Answer 97

current

Question 98

German climatologist formulated the continental drift theory couldn't provide a plausible mechanism on how the continents moved

Answer 98

Alfred Lothar Wegener