Science - TEST 2 (short answer)

Question 1

the actual underground source of a volcanic eruption

Answer 1

magma chamber

Question 2

the fastest type of earthquake waves

Answer 2

primary (P)

Question 3

a mass of underground volcanic rock, much larger than a laccolith

Answer 3

batholith

Question 4

the plastic rock on which the tectonic plates float

Answer 4

asthenosphere

Question 5

name for molten rock beneath the surface o the earth

Answer 5

magma

Question 6

general name for a mass of underground volcanic rock

Answer 6

igneous intrusion

Question 7

smaller earthquakes that often follow a larger earthquake at frequent intervals

Answer 7

aftershocks

Question 8

the fracture zone between stationary and moving rocks

Answer 8

fault

Question 9

the boundary line between the crust and the mantle

Answer 9

Moho

Question 10

an opening in the earth’s surface through which hot gases, ash, and molten rock are ejected from the earth’s interior

Answer 10

volcano

Question 11

the bottom of the mantle is called this

Answer 11

core-mantle boundary

Question 12

the idea that rocks on either side of a fault spring to a position of little or no stress after an earthquake

Answer 12

elastic rebound

Question 13

the study of earthquakes

Answer 13

seismology

Question 14

the strength of a volcanic eruption is measured using this scale

Answer 14

Volcanic Explosivity Index (or VEI)

Question 15

this type of mountain forms when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earth’s crust

Answer 15

volcanic mountain

Question 16

the study of the earth

Answer 16

geology

Question 17

an instrument used to record the vibrations caused by an earthquake

Answer 17

seismograph

Question 18

the type of mountain that appears to have formed by the edges of two adjacent tectonic plates pushing together

Answer 18

folded

Question 19

an earthquake caused by sudden movements of rock beneath the earth’s surface

Answer 19

tectonic

Question 20

the idea that rapid movement of tectonic plates during the Flood is responsible for most of Earth’s features

Answer 20

catastrophic plate tectonics

Question 21

an underground channel that formed when surface lava hardened before the lava underneath it

Answer 21

lava tunnel

Question 22

a computer system that stores and processes geographic data from various sources

Answer 22

geographic information system (GIS)

Question 23

review how to “read” a topographic map

Question 24

Essay: Compare two techniques to use to reduce the damage a building will receive in an earthquake. Recommend one, give reasons.

Answer 24

a. fixed-base system - base is built directly on the bedrock. The beams and joints absorb the seismic energy; building can be deformed.

b. base-isolated system - bldg rests on isolators that absorb the energy. Movable “stilts” separate the bldg from the foundation.

c. energy-dissipating device - device is added to absorb some of the energy; lessens the stress on the bldg, minimizing deformation.