science test

Question 1

The cytoplasm is the part of the cell in which

Answer 1

proteins are made.

Question 2

A mutation that causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a

Answer 2

mutation that helps the bacteria.

Question 3

3. The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half of form sex cells is

Answer 3

meiosis.

Question 4

In the first step of protein synthesis,

Answer 4

messenger RNA is made using DNA as the pattern.

Question 5

5. Gregor Mendel’s work was the foundation for understanding why

Answer 5

offspring have traits similar to those of their parents.

Question 6

6. In the genetic code, a group of three nitrogen bases codes for a

Answer 6

d. amino acid.

Question 7

For codominant traits, heterozygous organisms have a phenotype that shows

Answer 7

both alleles.

Question 8

8. During meiosis, sex cells form when chromosome pairs are

Answer 8

separated

Question 9

10. An allele whose trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present is a

Answer 9

b. dominant allele.

Question 10

9. An organism’s phenotype is its

Answer 10

a. physical appearance.

Question 11

According to the chromosome theory of inheritance, ________ are carried from parents to offspring on chromosomes.

Answer 11

genes

Question 12

A ______ is a change in gene or chromosome

Answer 12

mutation

Question 13

When a plant has two dominant alleles for tall stem, its alleles are written as ______

Answer 13

TT

Question 14

A ______ organism is the offspring of many generations that have the same trait

Answer 14

purebred

Question 15

The different forms of a gene is called _____

Answer 15

Allele

Question 16

Each time a coin is tossed, there is a 75 percent chance that the coin
will land heads up.

Answer 16

false: 50 percent

Question 17

Chromosomes are made up of proteins joined together like beads
on a string.

Answer 17

False: genes

Question 18

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
codominance.

Answer 18

False: Heredity

Question 19

Unlike DNA, RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil.

Answer 19

true

Question 20

Probability is a number that describes how likely it is that an event
will happen.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

The female has hh while the male cat has Hh for alleles H for short hair and h for long hair. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the off springs

Answer 21

The genotypes are Hh and Hh and the phenotypes are long hare and short hair.

Question 22

The female has hh while the male cat has Hh for alleles H for short hair and h for long hair. What percentage of the offspring will have short hair? What percentage will have long hair?

Answer 22

50 percent will have short hair and 50 percent will have long hair.

Question 23

The female has hh while the male cat has Hh for alleles H for short hair and h for long hair. Suppose the heterozygous short-haired cat parent
was replaced with a homozygous short-haired cat. What would be the genotypes of the offspring? What would be their phenotypes?

Answer 23

Genotypes would all be Hh phenotypes would all be shortt hair.

Question 24

An example of a human trait that is controlled by more than one gene is

Answer 24

blood type

Question 25

A person who has one recessive and one dominant allele for a trait is called a

Answer 25

carrier

Question 26

A genetic disorder in which a person's blood clots very slowly if at all is

Answer 26

hemophilia.

Question 27

The crossing of two individuals that have similar characteristics is referred to as

Answer 27

inbreeding.

Question 28

The transfer of genes from one organism to another is called

Answer 28

genetic engineering.

Question 29

A chart that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait is called a

Answer 29

pedigree

Question 30

The _______ Chromosomes detrmines if your a male or female

Answer 30

Sex

Question 31

In a pedigree, a square is used to represent a

Answer 31

male

Question 32

An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes is a

Answer 32

genetic disorder

Question 33

People with an extra copy of chromosome 21 have a disorder called

Answer 33

Down syndrome

Question 34

A ________is all the DNA in one cell of an organism

Answer 34

genome

Question 35

The goal of the _________ has been to identify the DNA sequence of every human gene

Answer 35

Human genome project

Question 36

In _____ breeders cross genetically different individuals

Answer 36

Hyberdization

Question 37

A _______ is an organism that is genetically identical to the organism it was produced

Answer 37

Clone

Question 38

Inserting working copies of a gene directly into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder is referred to as ______

Answer 38

gene therepy

Question 39

true or false Three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait are called multiple alleles.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

true or false Sex-linked recessive traits are more common in females.

Answer 40

false: males

Question 41

true or false Sickle-cell disease is a genetic disorder in which the body produces, abnormally thick mucus.

Answer 41

false: Cystic fibrosis

Question 42

true or false The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation is called genetic engineering.

Answer 42

false: selective breeding

Question 43

true or false In karyotyping, a person's DNA is cut into fragments, which are separated to form a pattern.

Answer 43

false: DNA fingerprinting

Question 44

Although all Janele's hemoglobin is normal, her brother Randy has sickle-cell disease. Janele is worried about having a child with the disease. Janele just found out that her husband Terence has one allele for sickle-cell disease. As their genetic counselor, determine Janele and Terence's chances of having a child with sickle-cell disease. How would you explain the results of your analysis to the couple?

Answer 44

22. Janele and Terence have a zero percent chance of having a child with sickle-cell disease. Janele is normal, so she has the SS genotype. Terence has sickle-cell trait, so he is Ss. In an SS x Ss cross, 50 percent of the children should be normal (SS), 50 percent should have one allele for sickle-cell disease (Ss), and none could have sickle-cell disease (ss).

Question 44

Janice's mother has type AB blood, and her father has type O blood. What blood type(s) could Janice have? Draw a Punnett square to explain your answer.

Answer 44

Students should draw a Punnett square showing an IAIB x ii cross, with possible offspring genotypes of 1A and 1B. From this, students should conclude that Janice could have either type A blood or type B blood.

Question 45

Smile dimples are controlled by a dominant allele on a single gene. Whitney has smile dimples, but her husband Alberto and son Pedro do not. What is the chance that Whitney and Alberto's next child will have smile dimples? Draw a Punnett square to show how you arrived at your answer.

Answer 45

The chance is 50 percent. Smile dimples are a dominant trait, so Alberto and Pedro both have the dd genotype. Therefore, Whitney must be Dd, and 50 percent of the children of a Dd x dd cross should have smile dimples.

Question 46

Interpreting Data Is the pedigree shown above consistent with the pattern you might expect for a sex-linked trait controlled by a recessive allele? Explain your answer.

Answer 46

Yes; because in sex-linked recessive inheritance, males are more likely than females to have a sex-linked trait that is controlled by a recessive allele. Also, males cannot be carriers,' but females can be.

Question 47

Applying Concepts Male 12 could have inherited the trait, but by chance he did not. Explain why males 5 and 13 could not have inherited the trait.

Answer 47

Males 5 and 13 could not inherit the trait because they inherited their X chromosome from their mothers, both of whom are normal.