science unit 2 study guide

Question 1

How are viruses like living things?

Answer 1

they reproduce and mutate, contain proteins only found in living things, contain DNA and RNA

Question 2

how are viruses unlike living things?

Answer 2

cause their not made of cells, don’t develop like other living things, and only reproduce or mutate in a host cell

Question 3

what is the basic way viruses reproduce?

Answer 3

by taking control of the host cell.

Question 4

what are bacteria?

Answer 4

prokaryotes-unicellular organisms without a nucleus

Question 5

Describe two ways bacteria can reproduce?

Answer 5

binary fission (where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells) and budding, (small outgrowth of the parent develops to an independent organism)

Question 6

Describe three ways bacteria can get food?

Answer 6

autotrophs (make their own food) Heterotrophs (obtain food from outside source) decomposers (get energy from dead or decaying organisms)

Question 7

How do bacteria keep humans healthy?

Answer 7

by helping you digest food.

Question 8

How are bacteria harmful?

Answer 8

Some of the main ways that bacteria are harmful are through causing disease and through spoiling food.

Question 9

Compare and contrast bacteria and Archaea.

Answer 9

Similarities: unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls and lack membranes and other organelles.
Differences: Cell structure, chemical make up, genetic info cell walls are different.

Question 10

what is an extremophile? two examples

Answer 10

extremophile: microorganisms that live in extreme environments such as halophiles (salty areas) and thermophiles (hot temperatures)

Question 11

what are the basic characteristics of organisms classified as fungi?

Answer 11

Nonvascular organisms that don’t have chlorophyll.

Question 12

why do fungi not overrun the world?

Answer 12

they only grow with the right temperature, moisture, food, and space.

Question 13

Describe the basic 3 types of fungi.

Answer 13

molds, (shapeless, fuzzy) mushrooms, (cap on top of a stalk) and yeasts, (unicellular fungi)

Question 14

why can the kingdom of Protista be considered a catchall kingdom?

Answer 14

because it includes all eukaryotic organisms that do not fit neatly into the other kingdoms of animals, plants, or fungi

Question 15

What do most protists have in common?

Answer 15

cells with a nucleus and most are unicellular organisms.

Question 16

How are algae like plants?

Answer 16

they are both photosynthetic.

Question 17

How are algae different from plants?

Answer 17

Algae don’t develop from seeds or spores, posses more than one flaggela at a moment in life most reproduce through binary fission while some reproduce sexually

Question 18

What are the special features of paramecium, volvo, amoeba, and euglena?

Answer 18

Paramecium (two nuclei, most complex protist)
Volvox (live in colonies)
amoeba (shape shifters)
euglena (both auto and heterotrophs)

Question 19

what are the basic characteristics of fungus like protists

Answer 19

they act and look like fungi.

Question 20

virus

Answer 20

a tiny partical that contains nucleic acid encased in protein.

Question 21

flaggelum

Answer 21

a thin whip like structures that helps an organisms move through water.

Question 22

endospore.

Answer 22

a protective capsule that some bacteria form.

Question 23

hyphae

Answer 23

the threadlike filaments that produce enzymes.

Question 24

mycelium

Answer 24

the large mass of hyphae that forms the growing structure of fungi

Question 25

spore

Answer 25

a small reproductive cell that can grow into an adult cell without fusing with another cell

Question 26

unicellular

Answer 26

one-celled

Question 27

cilia

Answer 27

the tiny hair like protections that help ciliates move.

Question 28

protozoa

Answer 28

the animal like protists

Question 29

pseudopod

Answer 29

a flowing extension of cytoplasm that amoebas use to move and gather food.

Question 31

sporozoan

Answer 31

a heterotrophic protist that can't move on it's own

Question 32

saprophyte

Answer 32

an organism that eats dead or decaying animals.