Section 1: Learning

Question 1

Skinner vs. Pavlov vs. Watson vs. Thorndike

Answer 1

• Skinner:
• Pavlov: focused on links between stimuli and responses which are known as reflexes. An unconditioned reflex involves an US to UR.

Question 2

Skinner

Answer 2

operant conditioning

Question 3

Pavlov

Answer 3

classical conditioning, tone and meat powder

Question 4

Watson

Answer 4

classical conditioning, little Albert, stimulus generalization

Question 5

Thorndike

Answer 5

law of effect, operant conditioning

Question 6

classical vs operant conditioning

Answer 6

• classical conditioning: pairing
• operant conditioning: reinforcement

Question 7

unconditioned vs. conditioned stimulus/response

Answer 7

-unconditioned stimulus (US): universal, everyone responds the same way w/out pairing or learned
-conditioned stimulus: something that has been paired, not everyone will respond in the same way
- conditioned response and unconditioned response are both the same response to a stimulus but unconditioned is stronger response

Question 8

backward versus standard conditioning

Answer 8

backward conditioning: no pairing (US then NS, dog will never learn to salivate)
standard conditioning: NS then US

Question 9

stimulus (mediated) generalization vs response generalization

Answer 9

• stimulus generalization classical and operant conditioning, like little albert, generalize from CS to a similar or NS without any pairing required. Albert feared white objects
• response generalization (operant): performing a behavior that is similar but not identical to the one that has been reinforced. Ex. A dog does a trick an dis reinforced with a doggy biscuit, later dog does a diff trick in hopes ot be given a biscuit.

Question 10

classical vs operant extinction

Answer 10

classical extinction: stop pairing; presenting the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus (US). Present tone without meat powder
Operant extinction: stop reinforcing

Question 11

spontaneous recovery vs response burst