Section 1 - Particles

Question 1

Nuclear Model def

Answer 1

Inside every atom, there is a nucleus contain gin protons and neutrons. Orbiting this core are the electrons.

Question 2

Nucleons

Answer 2

Protons and Neutrons

Question 3

Proton Charge

Answer 3

Charge: 1.60*10^-19 (C)
Relative Charge: +1

Question 4

Proton Mass

Answer 4

Mass: 1.6710-27 (kg)
Relative Mass: 1

Question 5

Electron charge

Answer 5

Charge: -1.60*10^-19 (C)
Relative Charge: -1

Question 6

Neutron Mass

Answer 6

Mass: 1.6710-27 (kg)
Relative Mass: 1

Question 7

Neutron Charge

Answer 7

Charge: 0 (C)
Relative Charge: 0

Question 8

Electron Mass

Answer 8

Mass: 9.11*10^-31 (kg)
Relative Mass: 0.0005

Question 9

Proton Number def

Answer 9

Atomic Number or the Number of protons in a Nucleus

Question 10

Proton Number Symbol

Answer 10

Z

Question 11

Neutral Atom def

Answer 11

An atom with the same number of Proton and Electrons

Question 12

Ion def

Answer 12

An atom with a different number of protons and electrons

Question 13

Nucleon number def

Answer 13

Mass number or the number of protons and neutrons

Question 14

Nucleon number symbol

Answer 14

A

Question 15

Isotope def

Answer 15

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 16

How can radioactive isotopes be used for carbon dating [3]

Answer 16

• All living things contain the same percentage of carbon 14 taken in from the atmosphere
• After they die, the amount of carbon 14 inside them decreases as it decays to stable elements
• Scientists can calculate the approximate age of archeological finds made from dead organic matter by using isotopic data to find the percentage of radioactive carbon 14 that’s left in the object

Question 17

Specific Charge def

Answer 17

The ratio of charge to mass given in C/kg

Question 18

Specific Charge formula

Answer 18

Charge(C)/Mass(kg)

Question 19

Fundamental particle def

Answer 19

A particle that you cant break up into anything smaller

Question 20

Strong Nuclear force def

Question 21

What does the Strong Nuclear Force do

Answer 21

Binds Nucleons together by acting on quarks and hadrons in N and Z

Question 22

What suggests the need for a strong nuclear force

Answer 22

The electrostatic repulsion between particles is much higher than the gravitational attraction
Without the SNF, they would fly apart

Question 23

Rules of the String nuclear force [5]

Answer 23

1) The strong nuclear force becomes a repulsive force between 1.5fm
2) The strong force is a short range force that does not act beyond 5 fm
3) The strong force switches between a positive and negative forceP

Question 24

Positive vs negative forces

Answer 24

Positive forces repel and negative forces attract

Question 25

Strong nuclear force vs electrostatic repulsion graph

Answer 25

INSERT PICTURE

Question 26

Alpha emission in words

Answer 26

The proton number decreases by 2 and the nucleon number decreases by 4

Question 27

Why does alpha emission happen [3]

Answer 27

- Alpha emission only happens in very bug nuclei - The nuclei of these atoms are to big for the string nuclear force to keep them stable - So an alpha particle is emmited

Question 28

Beta minus decay in words [3]

Answer 28

1) The proton number increases by one and the nucleon number stays the same 2) Beta minus decay is the emission of an electron from the nucleus along with an antineutrino 3) One of the neutrons is changed into a proton

Question 29

What nuclei does Beta minus decay happen in

Answer 29

Happens in nuclei that are neutron rich and have more neutrons than protons

Question 30

What dos an antineutrino do

Answer 30

Carries away some energy and momentum

Question 31

Beta Minus Equation

Answer 31

ADD PIC

Question 32

How were Neutrinos Hypothesised