1
Q
ethics
A
- B, practices, decisions that address 3 fundamental questions
- what is the right thing to do
- what is worth doing
- what does it mean to be a good BA?
- that guide how you conduct yourself to help others improve physical, social, psychological, familial, personal condition
2
Q
- what is the right thing to do
A
- cultural practices
- differences across time (e.g. 20 yrs ago & now)
3
Q
things to help guide the decision-making process
A
- professional training & experience: training as a BA should override personal history
- personal history: should NOT influence the clinical decision.
- context of practice
- legal but unethical: breaking professional confidence; accept valued heirlooms in lieu of payment; engaging in consensual sex with client over 18 yrs old
- illegal & unethical: misrepresent promised services or skills; steal; abuse; consensual sex with client below age 18
4
Q
- what is worth doing
A
- address the goals & objectives of practice
1. what are we trying to accomplish
2. how are we trying to accomplish it
3. is the objective social valid
4. what is the risk-benefit ratio
5
Q
social valid
A
- when results show meaningful, sig., sustainable change
- goals, procedure, results of an intervention are socially acceptable to the client, BA, society
- NOT every skill has social validity
6
Q
2 ways to assess social validity
A
- social comparison
- compare the performance of clients exposed to the intervention with an equivalent or typically developing group
- limitation: normative data may not be really relevant for the client’s functioning
- subjective evaluation of experts
- evaluation by experts that very familiar with the client
- limitation: may not tell us abt the success of an intervention
7
Q
- what does it mean to be a good BA?
A
- follow professional codes of conduct BACB
- keep client’s welfare in mind
8
Q
golden rule
A
- do unto others as you would have them do unto you
9
Q
a good practitioner is self regulating
A
- calibrate decisions OVER TIME to ensure values, contingencies, rights, responsibilities are integrated & an informed combination of these is considered
10
Q
why we abide by ethics
A
- meaningful (& social sig.) change
- harm (reduce & eliminate)
- standards: to conform to the ethical standards of learned societies & professional organizations
11
Q
standards of professional practice for ABA
A
- written guidelines
- umbrella word for everything
12
Q
5 documents describe standards of professional conduct & ethical practice for ABA
A
- the BCBA and BCaBA Behavior analyst TASK LIST fourth edition 2015
- Professional and Ethical Compliance CODE for Behavior Analysts, 2016
- The Right to Effective EDUCATION 1990
- Ethical Principles of PSYCHOLOGISTS and Code of Conduct APA 2010
- The Right to Effective BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT 1989
13
Q
- the BCBA and BCaBA Behavior analyst TASK LIST fourth edition 2015
A
- BACB fourth edition since Jan 1, 2015
- describe knowledge, skills, attributes expected of BA
14
Q
- Professional and Ethical Compliance CODE for Behavior Analysts, 2016
A
- BACB since Jan 1, 2016
- all BACB are required to adhere to the code
15
Q
registered behavior technician (RBT)
A
- paraprofessional who practices under the close, ongoing supervision of a BCBA, BCaBA, FL-CBA
- direct implementation of BA services
- NOT design interventions or assessment plans
- complete 40 hrs of training, pass RBT Competency assessment, pass RBT examination
16
Q
client/client-surrogate
i.e. best interest of client
A
any recipient or beneficiary of the professional services provided by a BA
NOT include: third-party INSURER, PAYER, unless you are hired directly under contract by them
17
Q
NO sexual relationship with clients, students, supervisees
A
> =2 yrs AFTER formally ended professional relationship
18
Q
NOT barter 以物易物 for services, unless a WRITTEN agreement is in place for the barter
A
- request by client or supervisee
- customary to the area where services provided
- fair & commensurate with the value of behavior-analytic services provided
19
Q
multiple parties as client
A
- create a hierarchy of parties
- communicate this from the OUTSET of the defined relationship
- identify & communicate who the PRIMARY ultimate beneficiary of services
- advocate for his/her best interest
20
Q
consent to make a referral
A
- inform client of the referral process
- inform client abt the other provider’s QUALIFICATIONS
- provide 2-3 referrals for client to choose
21
Q
client’s service record (not limited to the examples )
A
- written behavior change plans, assessment, graphs, raw data
- electronic recordings
- progress summaries
- written reports
22
Q
client’s right & prerogatives
A
- human rights, legal rights, rights codified within BA, organizational & administrative rules & regulations designed to benefit the client
- accurate & current set of credentials to client & supervises upon request
- consent for electronic recording
- comply for criminal background check
- complaints: inform them right & procedures to complaints with your EMPLOYERS, AUTHORITIES, BACB
23
Q
confidentiality
A
- discuss confidentiality at the OUTSET of the relationship & thereafter as NEW circumstances may warrant
- explain limits of confidentiality
1. child abuse
2. imminent 即将发生的 servere harm to another or the person - breaches of confidentiality
1. intentionally: to protect sb. from harm
2. unintentionally: result of carelessness, neglect, misunderstanding of the nature of the confidentiality - if uncertain whether confidentiality applies, assume IT DOES
24
Q
discloser confidential info
A
4 legal reasons
- professional consultations
- protect others from harm
- get payment
- provide needed professional services
- consent for disclosure: acquire at OUTSET & going throughout the relationship
25
effective treatment
- scientifically supported & most effective
- have both long & short term benefits to clients & society
factors to select interventions
- efficiency & cost-effectiveness
- risk & side-effect
- client preference
- practitioner experience & training
26
documentation
- at least 7 yrs
- facilitate the provision of services later by you or other professionals
- ensure accountability
- meet requirements of organizations & laws
- electronic transmission via HIPAA
27
contract
BEFORE service
- signed contract: outline responsibilities of all parties
- review the scope of BA service to be provided
- your obligations under CODE
28
billing
- reach an agreement with client specify compensation & billing as early as possible
- NOT misrepresent your fees
- discuss with client as early as possible if funding limitations may affect or limit services
- revisit with client the financial responsibilities & limits when funding changes
- NO fees/gifts for referrals
29
treminations
in a timely manner:
1. no longer needs it
2. no benefit from the services
3. harm for the client by continued services
4. client requests
prior terminations:
- discuss service needs
- pre-termination services
- transitions
- alternative services
30
assessment
- prior to recommend or develop interventions
determine which assessment to use
- client’s need & CONSENT
- environment & context
Prior to assessment, explain
- procedure
- who participate
- how result be used
- prior to assessment get written approval
- prior to disclose client record for assessment purpose, get written consent
31
behavior change program
1. FBA
2. risk-benefit analysis
- written describe the objective of the program BEFORE implement
- conclude with a course of action that has greater benefits than risks
3. implement procedure
- conceptual consistent with BA principles / concepts of Operant Learning & ABA
- involve client in the planning of & CONSENT for the B change program
- MUST TAILOR according to each client
- NO PLAGIARIZE
- written approval BEFORE implement/modify programs
32
conditions for B change program success
- tell CLIENT abt environmental conditions that necessary for the program to be effective
1. client on board with the process
2. safety
3. resources available
4. reinforcers
33
conditions interfere implement
- recommend other professional assistance: assessment, consultations, therapeutic intervention by other professionals
hinder implementation
- eliminate environmental constraints
- identify in WRITTEN the obstacles to fixing the environment
34
punishment
- ALWAYS include R
- ensure appropriate steps been taken to implement R procedures unless SEVERITY / DANGEROUSNESS necessitates IMMEDIATE use of aversive procedures
- give INCREASED level of training, supervision, oversight
- evaluate effectiveness in a timely manner
- modify if ineffective
- ALWAYS include plan to DISCONTINUE
35
restrictive procedure
- movement &/activity
- ability to acquire +ve R
- access to valued objects &/ activities
36
harmful R
- harmful to health & development
| - requires EXCESSIVE MO to be effective
37
discontinue/termination
- establish understandable & objective criteria for termination
- describe termination criteria to client
- discontinue when met the criteria
38
supervisor
- 8 hrs supervision training
- supervisor training curriculum outline
3 hrs CEU in supervision EACH certification cycle
39
supervisory competence
- types of spefic training & supervision that professionals have had
- including: participating workshops by experts, followed by a practicum 实习课程 experience at a specialized center for treatment & research
40
supervisory volume
only an amount that allows the supervisor to be effective
- supervises demonstrate improvement in their performance
- manage your time well so that can supervise ALL supervises effectively
41
supervision conditions
PRIOR to onset of the supervision
| - WRITTEN description of purposes, requirements, evaluation criteria, conditions, terms of supervision
42
feedback to supervisees
- feedback & R that improve supervisee performance
- documented, timely (a few MINUTES after), ongoing basis
1. define & model desired skills
2. have supervisee demonstrate it
3. feedback
43
evaluate supervision
ONGOING
1. generate B goals & criteria for supervises
2. ask boss/another supervisor to observe you or video tap you supervising your supervisee
3. regular evaluations from supervisees
44
ethical responsibility to the profession of BA
- obligation to the science of B & the profession of BA: FIRST to place our field over other fields & to science
45
affirming principles
1. ABOVE ALL other professional training, uphold & advance the value, ethics, principles of the profession of BA
2. obligate to participate in BA professional & scientific organizations or activities
46
ethical responsibility to colleagues
- work with colleagues / other professions
- MUST aware of these ethical obligations in all situations
- report abuse if you have firsthand evidence (i.e. u saw it urself) but not for second evidence (i.e. rumor)
47
ethical violations by others & risk of harm
a. may be legal / ethical violation: FIRST determine potential for harm, possible legal violation, mandatory-reporting condition, agency/organization/regulatory requirement addressing the violation
b. client's legal rights being violated/potential harm, MUST take action to protect client:
- contact authorities
- following organizational policies
- consult appropriate professionals
- DOCUMENT your efforts to address the matter
c. if informal resolution is appropriate & NO violation any confidentiality
- attempt to solve it by bring it to the attention of the individual
- DOCUMENT
d. if matter meets the reporting requirements of BACB: submit FORMAL compliant to BACB
48
avoid false/deceptive public statement
1. NO false, deceptive, misleading, exaggerated, fraudulent
2. NOT implement NON-BA interventions
- must clearly distinguish them from BA practice/certification:
These interventions are not behavior-analytic in nature and are not covered by my BACB credential
3. NO advertise NON-BA services as behavior analytic/BA
4. for billing, invoices, requests for reimbursement, providing services under certain authorizations: NOT identify NON-BA services as BA services
5. NOT implement NON-BA services under BA service authorizations
49
intellectual-property
1. obtain permission required by law: citation
| 2. when delivering lectures, workshops, other presentations, give appropriate credit to authors
50
testimonials & advertising
- NOT solicit or use testimonials abt services from CURRENT clients
use testimonials from FORMAL clients:
* identify whether solicited or unsolicited
* accurate statement of the relationship between u & the author of the testimonials
* comply with laws abt claims made in the testimonial
advertise:
* describe the types of evidence-based services you provide
* describe qualifications of your staff
* describe objective outcome data you have accrued or published, according to laws
51
in-person solicitation
- NOT engage directly/through an agent in UNinvited in-person solicitation of business from actual/potential users of services who are vulnerable to undue influence
- with organizational behavior management (OBM) or performance management services you may market to corporate entities regardless of their projected financial position
52
conduct research independently
- only after you have successfully conducted research under a supervisor in a defined relationship
e. g. thesis, dissertation, specific research project
53
3 required elements to ensure informed consent
1. capacity
2. voluntary
3. knowledge
54
use confidential info for didactic 教学 or instructive purpose
- NOT disclose personally identifiable info
- disguise confidential info whenever possible
acceptable ways: random #; non-stereotypical pseudonym 假名.
NON-acceptable ways: first name, initials, stereotypical pseudonym (e.g. that old client)
55
debriefing
- keep participants NAIVE to the purpose of the research to not bias their responses
- inform participants debriefing will occur at the end of their involvement in the research
- after study is over, debrief them abt the nature & purpose of study, answer questions
56
grant & journal reviews
- avoid conduct research described in grant proposals or manuscripts that you reviewed, except as replications FULLY credit prior researchers
- NOT steal their ideas for your own research & keep all info a secret
57
ethical responsibility to BACB
- provide truthful & accurate info in application & documentation submitted to BACB
- immediately correct inaccurate info submitted to BABC
58
timely responding, reporting, updating BACB
- within 30 days
a. legal related
b. public health & safety related fines, tickets
c. physical, mental condition that would impair your ability to competently practice
d. change name, address, email
- ineligible to apply for BACB registration, certification, recertification for 3 yrs from the exhaustion of appeals, completion of parole 假释/probation 缓刑/final relase from confinement 监禁, whichever is later
59
immediate report to BACB
| NOT informal resolution
- suspected or known infringements 侵犯 &/ unauthorized access to examination content &/ other violation of BACB intellectual property rights
- suspected cheaters & other irregularities relating to BACB examination administrations
60
the right to effective education
| 1991 Barrett et al.
requires the assessment & educational interventions
- based on research demonstrating the effectiveness
- address functional relations between B & the environment
- monitored & evaluated on a systematic & ongoing basis
- be only considered when they are likely to be effective, based on empirical evidence & assessment results
61
the right to effective behavioral treatment
| 1988 Van Houten et al.
- ABA Association for Behavior Analysis
- entails rights of ppl receiving ABA services & how we can make sure clients are served appropriately
6 basic rights
1. therapeutic environment
2. most effective interventions available
3. treatment by a competent behaviorist
4. ongoing evaluation & assessment
5. teach functional skills
6. goal is personal welfare
62
CEUs
| continue education units
- length of recertification cycle: per 2 yrs: BCBA(-D) 32 hrs; BCaBA 20 hrs
- ethics CEUs: 4 hrs per cycle
- BCBA (-D) supervising individuals pursuing BACB certification or the ongoing practice of BCaBAs: 3 hrs of continuing education per cycle
63
court ruling & laws
WYATT V. STICKNEY 1972
Alabama
- the ruling protects a client's right to food, privacy, basic activities & these BASIC RIGHTS do not need to be earned
64
court ruling & laws
HANCOCK V. AVERY 1969
Tennessee
- the ruling protects a client by limiting the duration & placing conditions on the use of a TIME-OUT procedure
65
court ruling & laws
| individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA)
give children with disabilities a right to
- free appropriate public education. does not require that education be state-of-the-art 当前发展水平
- have an individualized education
- their parents have rights, such as an equal say in IEP meetings & the right to request due process if an agreement is not reached
66
court ruling & laws
health insurance portability and accountability act HIPAA
- protect personal health info
- HIPAA is a federal law that restricts an entity's ability to disclose &/ protect health information
- HIPAA law requires that all employees receive training in HIPAA policies & specific protocols, which may affect the work you do, include anyone who looks at, use, shares personal health info
67
court ruling & laws
Favell and Mcgimsey 1993
acceptable characteristics of the treatment environment
- engaging & humane environment
- functional skills: observed evidence pf training & progress
- behavior problems eliminated are individualized definitions, not arbitrary labels & programs
- least restrictive
- stable
- staff: adequate supervision, peer review, programs based on function
- client chooses the environment; client choices are offered
BCBA
flashcards
Decks in class (10)
# Cards
-
section 1-history19
-
section 2 - fundamental knowledge: B, 3-terms-c87
-
section 3- generalisation & VB & schedule of R60
-
section 4-assessment87
-
section 5-experimental design70
-
section 6 - measurement41
-
section 7-B data19
-
section 8 - B change procedure82
-
section 9-ensure staff competence19
-
section 10-ethics67
