what is a apical or terminal bud
located near shoot tip, causes elongation of young shoot
what is an axillary bud
structure that can form a lateral shoot or branch
what is apical dominance
helps to maintain dormancy in most axillary buds
what is a rhizome
horizontal shoot that grows just below surface
vertical shoots emerge from axillary buds on the rhizome
what is a stolon
horizontal shoots grow along surface
these runners allow a plant to reproduce asexually
eg. strawberry
what are tubers
enlarged end of rhizomes for stolons specialized for food storage
what is a leaf
the main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants usually consist of:
flattened blade, petiole
what is a petiole
stalks that joins the leaf to the stem at a node
define a leaves cuticle
helps prevent water loss from the epedermis
what are protective tissues
called periderm, replace the epidermis in older regions of stems and roots
what is the vascular tissue system
facilitates long-distance transport of materials between root and shoots and provides mechanical support
what are the two vascular tissues
they are xylem and phloem
what is xylem
conducts water and dissolved materials upward from root and into shoots
what is a phloem
transport sugars, the products of photosynthesis, from where they are made(leaves) to where they are needed(roots, sites of growth, eg. developing leaves, fruits)
what is the stele
the vascular tissue of a stem or root
what are ground tissue systems
tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular
what is the pith
ground tissues internal to the vascular tissue
what is the cortex
ground tissue external to vascular tissue
what is indeterminate growth
when a plant can grow throughout its life
what is determinate growth
some plants organ stop growing at a certain size
what are meristems
are perpetually dividing, unspecialized tissues that allow for indeterminate growth
E.g. two main types: apical and lateral
