Section 2 - Question Set 5

Question 1

xeric

Answer 1

(of an environment or habitat) containing little moisture; very dry:
xeric conditions

Question 2

hydric

Answer 2

Hydric soil means a soil that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part. This definition includes soils that developed under anaerobic condition

Question 3

mesic

Answer 3

(of an environment or habitat) containing a moderate amount of moisture:
mesic tundras

Question 4

how much does water pressure increase per vertical foot?

Answer 4

.433psi/vertical foot

Question 5

Comprehensive Planning

Answer 5

involves a broad range of choices relating to all the functions of an area

Question 6

Environmental planning

Answer 6

The initiation and operation of activities to manage the acquisition, transformation, distribution, and disposal of resources in amanner capable of sustaining human activities with a minimum distribution of physical, ecological and social processes

Question 7

Stream Order

Answer 7

small streams joining larger streams that then join even larger streams.

• 1st order= smallest
• 2nd order= where two 1st order streams unite

Question 8

Composite Wetland

Answer 8

a wetland fed by local streams and lakes

Question 9

Riparian Wetland

Answer 9

fed mainly by streams

Question 10

Groundwater Depressional Wetland

Answer 10

• fed mainly by a high water table

* can form from seasonal precipitation excess and surface runoff and can either discharge or maintain water.

Question 11

Surface flow wetland

Answer 11

• Uses a clay liner near the soil surface to allow water to flow through the wetland exposed to the atmosphere
• fed by runoff

Question 12

9 types of wetland communities:

Answer 12

1) Coastal/Salt marshes
2) Bogs
3) Pocosins
4) Everglades
5) Cypress swamps
6) Mangrove swamps
7) Playa lakes
8) Prairie potholes
9) Fens

Question 13

lacustrine wetland

Answer 13

• wetland associated with standing water bodies such as ponds lakes and reservoirs. - low salt content
• plant cover less than 30%

Question 14

Riparian wetland

Answer 14

• Adjacent to rivers
• Periodic and often have short inundation
• Common in braided rivers
• dominated by plant material

Question 15

Estuarine wetland

Answer 15

• tidal wetlands, low-wave energy environments
• 0.5-30 ppt salinity
• persistant emergent vegetation

Question 16

Palustrine wetland

Answer 16

Palustrine comes from the Latin word palus or marsh . Wetlands within this category include inland marshes and swamps as well as bogs , fens , tundra and floodplains . Palustrine systems include any inland wetland which lacks flowing water, contains ocean-derived salts in concentrations of less than 0.05%, and is non- tidal .

Question 17

palustrine wetland

Answer 17

• relating to a system of inland, non tidal wetlands characterized by the presence of trees, shrubs, and emergent vegetation (rooted below water but growing above surface)
• range from permanently saturated or flooded land (as in marshes, swamps, and lake shores) to land that is wet only seasonally (as in vernal pools)

Question 18

Palustrine

Answer 18

Wetlands dominated by vegetation (marsh, swamp, bog, fen, prairie wetlands)

Question 19

Lacustrine

Answer 19

Of or related to lakes

Question 20

fen

Answer 20

• groundwater fed, dominated by peat moss, rich in mineral salts, alkaline
• low land covered wholly or partially with water; marsh; boggy land

Question 21

bog

Answer 21

• wet, spongy ground with soil composed mainly of decayed vegetable matter
• same as fen but acidic

Question 22

salt marsh

Answer 22

transitional intertidal habitats that occupy the interface between land and either brackish or slaty water sediment

Question 23

magrove swamps

Answer 23

• roots submerged in water

* saltwater or brackish

Question 24

brackish

Answer 24

1. made up of a mixture of fresh water and seawater

2. having an unpleasant taste

Question 25

meadow

Answer 25

* field primarily vegetated with grasses | * wet only part of the year

Question 26

Urban sprawl

Answer 26

follows a linear path from city to suburbs usually popping up off one main linear highway

Question 27

Traffic Calming Measures

Answer 27

1. speed bumps 2. chicanes 3. narrowing of the road 4. small corner radii 5. related street elements like lighting/traffic circles

Question 28

traffic calming

Answer 28

create an environment that signals (consciously and subconsciously) drivers to slow down and drive as if they are in downtown/pedestrian walkways 

Question 29

planting strip

Answer 29

* area of the streets cape that provides ped/car buffer * beautifies street * allows for utility corridor

Question 30

Noise Mitigation

Answer 30

* Vegetation * Solid barriers (walls, builings, earth berms, hills) * Land use controls (most effective)

Question 31

nuisance

Answer 31

* interferes w/ ones right to quiet enjoyment | * may include airports, lots of billboards, power lines, water towers

Question 32

angle of incidence

Answer 32

angle at which the suns rays strike the earth

Question 33

Azimuth

Answer 33

Direction around the horizon from due north, measured clockwise in degrees.  For example, the azimuth of due north is 0 degrees, due east is 90 degrees, due south is 180 degrees, and due west is 270 degrees

Question 34

Albedo

Answer 34

* a measurement used to determine the reflectivity of an objects surface; it states how much solar energy is reflected from the object back into space. * n. the proportion of incident radiation reflected by a surface

Question 35

bioretention pond

Answer 35

* structural stormwater control designed to filter pollutants from water using vegetation * only allow for overflow water to drain into pipes * best for smaller sites with a gentle slope and a low water table to prevent contamination

Question 36

prevailing winter winds

Answer 36

north west

Question 37

Macroclimate

Answer 37

large scale weather, Phoenix vs Milwaukee

Question 38

microclimate

Answer 38

local variations of the climate within a given area

Question 39

rough grade

Answer 39

slope of the land before final products such as planting and hardscape are installed

Question 40

finish grade

Answer 40

* a.k.a. construction grade | * the elevation of the ground after the completion of work

Question 41

Retention Pond

Answer 41

* constructed to treat and store stormwater runoff. * permanent pools of standing water * eventually empty into a receiving water body. * Water is treated through sedimentation and nutrient uptake.

Question 42

Detention Pond

Answer 42

* A low-lying area designed to temporarily hold a set amount of water while slowly draining to another location * flood mitigation