Section 25.2 (Exam 2)

Question 1

What are Rhizaria?

Answer 1

Unicellular, aquatic, protists with long and thin pseudopods

Question 2

Name three types of Rhizaria.

Answer 2

Cercozoans, Foraminiferans, Radiolarians

Question 3

Foraminiferans secrete shells of _____________.

Answer 3

calcium carbonate.

Question 4

Foraminiferan shells, made of calcium carbonate, accumulate over millions of years to form __________ deposits.

Answer 4

limestone

Question 5

Foraminiferans have threadlike, branched ____________, that extend through numerous pores in the shell and form a sticky ____ that captures smaller plankton.

Answer 5

pseudopods; net

Question 6

Radiolarians have radial symmetry and thin, stiff, pseudopods reinforced by ___________.

Answer 6

microtubules

Question 7

Pseudopods in radiolarians increase surface area, for exchange _________________ and _________________.

Answer 7

of materials and helps the cell float.

Question 8

Radiolarians are exclusively _________ and most have glassy internal skeletons with elaborate designs made from ________________.

Answer 8

marine; silicon dioxide

Question 9

One type of radiolarian with symbiotic dinoflagellates is called ____________________.

Answer 9

Amphilonche heteracantha

Question 10

Excavates have many diverse groups and some lack ________________.

Answer 10

mitochondria

Question 11

Name 5 types of excavates.

Answer 11

Diplomonads, Parabasalids, Heteroloboseans, Euglenids, Kinetoplastids

Question 12

Diplomonads and parabasalids lack ___________ which is a ___________ trait.

Answer 12

mitochondria; derived

Question 13

Name a diplomonad.

Answer 13

Giardia lamblia

Question 14

Name some characteristics of the diplomonad Giardia lamblia.

Answer 14

Has two nuclei and multiple flagella. Water-borne parasite that causes an intestinal disease - giardiasis.

Question 15

Parabasalids have ______________ membranes for locomotion in addition to _____________.

Answer 15

undulating; flagella

Question 16

One example of a parabasalid is ______________________.

Answer 16

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 17

What is trichomonas vaginalis and what is it also called?

Answer 17

A human STD, also called trichomoniasis.

Question 18

Heteroloboseans is an excavate with an ________________ body form.

Answer 18

amoeboid

Question 19

One example of a heterolobosean is ____________. It causes a fatal nervous system disease called _____________________, or also commonly known as the brain-eating bacteria/amoeba.

Answer 19

Naegleria; amebic encephalitis.

Question 20

Euglenids and kinetoplastids share which 4 traits.

Answer 20

Unicellular; have flagella

Flagella contian crystalline rod not found in other organisms

Mitochondria have disc shape.

They reproduce primarily by binary fission.

Question 21

Euglenids have spiral strips of __________ under the plasma membrane that control ______________.

Answer 21

proteins; cell shape

Question 22

Are Euglenids photosynthetic or heterotrophic?

Answer 22

They can be either one, and sometimes can switch between both.

Question 23

Kinteoplastids are parasites with ___ flagella and ___ mitochondria.

Answer 23

two; one

Question 24

The mitochondrion of Kinetoplastids have a _____________, which is a structure with multiple circular ___________________.

Answer 24

kinetoplast; DNA molecules and proteins

Question 25

What are two examples of kinetoplastids?

Answer 25

Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness) and Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease).

Question 26

The body has trouble creating antibodies for trypanosomes because they frequently change the _________________________.

Answer 26

shape of their cell surface

Question 27

What are the 5 major clades of protists?

Answer 27

Alveolates, Stramenopiles, Rhizarians, Excavates, Amoebozoans

Question 28

Amoebozoans have lobe-shaped ____________ that are used for ______________.

Answer 28

pseudopods; locomotion

Question 29

What are the three types of Amoebozoans?

Answer 29

Loboseans, plasmodial slime molds, cellular slime molds

Question 30

Loboseans, a type of amoebozoan feed by ___________.

Answer 30

phagocytosis

Question 31

Loboseans a type of amoebozoan are _______cellular.

Answer 31

unicellular

Question 32

Loboseans live at the bottom of _________________.

Answer 32

lakes and ponds.

Question 33

Loboseans are testate amoebas that secrete _________ or glue ______________________________.

Answer 33

shells; sand grains together to form a casing

Question 34

Plasmodial slime molds are amoebozoans. During their vegetative (feeding) stage, they are _______________. A wall-less _____________ with many ______________.

Answer 34

coenocytes; mass of cytoplasm; diploid nuclei

Question 35

The mass of plasmodial slime molds streams over the substrate in a network of strands called a _______________.

Answer 35

plasmodium

Question 36

The plasmodium of plasmodial slime molds engulfs food particles via _________________.

Answer 36

endocytosis

Question 37

If there is food, a plasmodium can grow _______________.

Answer 37

indefinitely