New Testament > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is traditionally considered the central human figure in spreading Christianity after Jesus?

A

The Apostle Paul (Saul of Tarsus).

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2
Q

Why do Paul’s letters come after the Gospels in the New Testament, even though they were written first?

A

The NT was arranged to begin with the story of Jesus and the early church (Gospels + Acts), even though Paul’s letters are the earliest Christian writings.

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3
Q

What made the early Christian movement distinct from other Jewish sects?

A

Its Christology — beliefs about Jesus as the Messiah and Son of God.

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4
Q

How much of the New Testament is attributed to Paul?

A

bout 35–40% (13 letters).

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5
Q

To whom did Paul write his letters?

A

Christian communities or individuals — never to non-Christians.

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6
Q

What is the main difference between Paul in Acts and Paul in his letters?

A

Acts shows Paul the missionary/evangelist; the letters show Paul the pastor/theologian.

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7
Q

What is the main difference between Paul in Acts and Paul in his letters?

A

Acts shows Paul the missionary/evangelist; the letters show Paul the pastor/theologian.

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8
Q

What is the significance of the “we” passages in Acts?

A

They suggest the author (traditionally Luke) was present with Paul on some missionary journeys.

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9
Q

What does Acts 1:8 serve as in the book?

A

A “table of contents” — showing the Gospel spreading from Judea → Samaria → the ends of the earth.

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10
Q

Where was Saul born?

A

Tarsus, in Cilicia (to a devout Pharisaic family who were Roman citizens).

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11
Q

Under whom did Saul study in Jerusalem?

A

Rabbi Gamaliel.

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12
Q

What major event happens to Saul in Acts 9?

A

His conversion on the road to Damascus — encountering the risen Jesus.

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13
Q

What happens to Saul in Damascus after his conversion?

A

Ananias restores his sight and baptizes him.

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14
Q

What does Saul’s escape from Damascus symbolize?

A

The beginning of his life as a persecuted evangelist (he’s lowered out of the city wall in a basket).

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15
Q

What was Saul’s “thorn in the flesh”?

A

A physical ailment, possibly related to his eyes (2 Cor. 12:1–10; Gal. 4:13–16).

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16
Q

Who brings Saul from Tarsus to Antioch?

A

Barnabas.

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17
Q

What agreement was made during Paul’s famine visit to Jerusalem?

A

Paul & Barnabas would go to the Gentiles; Peter & others to the Jews; circumcision not required for Gentiles.

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18
Q

Who were the Judaizers?

A

Pharisaic Jewish Christians who insisted Gentile converts must follow the entire Mosaic Law (circumcision, Sabbath, food laws).

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19
Q

What percentage of the New Testament is made up of Paul’s letters?

A

Around 25%.

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20
Q

Why did ancient letters exist?

A

To convey the author’s presence to an audience.

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21
Q

What is unique about Paul’s letters compared to typical ancient ones?

A

They are much longer and combine pastoral care with theological depth.

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22
Q

What does recent scholarship suggest about Paul’s letters?

A

Some may have been written by Paul’s followers in his style (disputed letters).

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23
Q

Which are Paul’s undisputed letters?

A

Romans, 1–2 Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, 1 Thessalonians, Philemon.

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24
Q

Which are Paul’s disputed letters?

A

2 Thessalonians, Ephesians, Colossians, 1–2 Timothy, Titus.

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25
What are the three letter groups by theme?
Capital Epistles: Romans, 1–2 Corinthians, Galatians * Prison Epistles: Ephesians, Colossians, Philippians, Philemon * Pastoral Epistles: 1–2 Timothy, Titus
26
When was Galatians likely written?
Early 50s CE — Paul’s earliest letter.
27
Who was the audience of Galatians?
Jewish and Gentile churches in Galatia.
28
What was the main purpose of Galatians?
To oppose the Judaizers who insisted on following the Law to be saved.
29
How does Paul begin Galatians differently from his other letters?
He skips the greeting and immediately rebukes the Galatians for following a false gospel.
30
What is Paul’s argument about justification in Galatians 2:16?
We are justified by faith in (or of) Jesus Christ, not by works of the Law.
31
What is “Union with Christ”?
The idea that believers participate in Christ’s death and resurrection — Christ lives through them (Gal. 2:19–20).
32
Why does Paul use Abraham as an example in Galatians 3?
Abraham was declared righteous before the Law was given — by faith, not by works.
33
What does Paul say about circumcision in Galatians 5:2–6?
It has no spiritual benefit; insisting on it rejects God’s grace.
34
What is the “fruit of the Spirit” according to Galatians 5:22–23?
Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control.
35
What is Paul’s overall message in Galatians?
Salvation and righteousness come through faith in Christ, not by following the Law — true freedom is life in the Spirit.k7
36
Who wrote 1 and 2 Thessalonians, and who was the main voice?
Paul, with Silvanus and Timothy — though Paul is the main voice in both letters.
37
What is the main purpose of 1 Thessalonians?
To encourage believers that Christ will soon return and raise the dead.
38
What is the key theme of 1 Thessalonians 1:10?
Believers await “God’s Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead.”
39
What concern did the Thessalonians have in 1 Thessalonians 4:13–5:11?
They worried that those who died before Christ’s return would miss the resurrection.
40
What sequence does Paul describe for Christ’s return (1 Thess. 4:16–17)?
Christ’s command → sound of trumpet → dead in Christ raised → all believers meet Him in the clouds.
41
What warning does Paul give in 1 Thessalonians 5:6?
“Let us not fall asleep as others do, but let us keep awake and be sober.” (Stay spiritually alert.)
42
When was 2 Thessalonians written, and to whom?
Early 50s CE, to the same Jewish/Gentile church of Thessalonica.
43
What is the main purpose of 2 Thessalonians?
To assure believers that the end (Eschaton) has not yet come.
44
What false teaching does Paul address in 2 Thessalonians 2:1–12?
That Christ had already returned — Paul says the rebellion and the “man of lawlessness” must come first.
45
Who is the “Man of Lawlessness” in 2 Thessalonians 2:3–4?
An antichrist-like figure who exalts himself as God but will be destroyed by Christ’s coming.
46
What does Paul say about the Thessalonians’ endurance in 2 Thessalonians 1:4–5?
He praises their steadfastness during persecution — proof of their faith and God’s justice.
47
How do 1 and 2 Thessalonians work together thematically?
1 Thessalonians offers hope in Christ’s return; 2 Thessalonians clarifies that the end has not yet come and encourages faithfulness while waiting.
48
What does 1 Thessalonians 4:16–17 teach about God’s power?
God’s power over death is absolute — Christ will raise the dead and reunite believers.
49
What spiritual message does 1 Thessalonians 5:6 emphasize?
Faith means staying awake and alert — living actively for Christ while waiting for His return.
50
What warning does Paul give in 2 Thessalonians 2:3–4?
Don’t be deceived by false appearances of power; God’s truth will ultimately prevail.
51
What does 2 Thessalonians 1:4–5 show about faith during hardship?
True faith endures persecution; suffering can strengthen trust in God’s justice.
52
Who wrote 1 Corinthians, and when?
Paul wrote it in the mid-50s CE.
53
Who was the audience of 1 Corinthians?
The Jewish and Gentile church of Corinth — a wealthy, pagan, and morally corrupt city.
54
What was the main purpose of 1 Corinthians?
To exhort the church to live as the unified body of Christ and resist pagan temptations
55
What was Corinth known for?
Wealth, immorality, and the Temple of Aphrodite — possibly linked to sacred prostitution.
56
What issue did Paul address in 1 Corinthians 1:10?
Divisions in the church — followers were aligning with Paul, Apollos, Cephas, or Christ.
57
What metaphor does Paul use in 1 Corinthians 3:6, 9 to describe unity?
“I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the growth… You are God’s field, God’s building.”
58
What sin did Paul confront in 1 Corinthians 5?
A man in an illicit relationship with “his father’s wife.”
59
What does Paul mean by “realized eschatology”?
Some Corinthians believed there would be no future resurrection — they thought the “end times” had already come.
60
What warning does Paul give in 1 Corinthians 6:9–20?
Those who indulge bodily desires (like prostitution) will not inherit God’s kingdom.
61
What does Paul mean in 6:20, “You were bought with a price”?
Believers belong to Christ — they must glorify God with their bodies.
62
What is Paul’s view of marriage in 1 Corinthians 7?
Marriage is good, but celibacy is also a gift — sexual relations are only appropriate within marriage.
63
What problem does Paul address in 1 Corinthians 11?
The wealthy were eating separately and neglecting others during the Lord’s Supper.
64
What does Paul command in 1 Corinthians 11:33?
“When you come together to eat, wait for one another.”
65
What is the main theme of 1 Corinthians 15?
The resurrection of Christ and the future resurrection of believers.
66
What does Paul mean by calling Christ the “first fruits” of the dead (1 Cor. 15:20)?
Jesus’ resurrection is the beginning of the final resurrection of all believers.
67
What is “inaugurated eschatology”?
The belief that the end times began with Jesus’ resurrection and will be completed at His return.
68
How does inaugurated eschatology apply to the resurrection?
Christ’s resurrection starts the process of new creation — believers will share in it when He returns.
69
What does Paul mean by a “spiritual body” (1 Cor. 15:44)?
A physical body transformed and empowered by the Holy Spirit — not ghostly, but glorified.
70
Why does Paul stress that “the body matters”?
Because God will resurrect it — Christians must honor God in their physical lives now.
71
What does Paul describe in 1 Corinthians 15:52–53?
The transformation at Christ’s return — “the perishable body must put on imperishability.”
72
When was 2 Corinthians written?
Mid 50’s A.D.
73
Who was the audience of 2 Corinthians?
The Jewish and Gentile church of Corinth (and in Achaia).
74
What was the main purpose of 2 Corinthians?
To defend Paul’s apostleship by aligning his sufferings with Christ’s sufferings.
75
What had happened since Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians?
The Corinthians had not rehabilitated and began following “super-apostles.”
76
Who were the “super-apostles”?
Charismatic, wealthy, and persuasive teachers who appeared more successful than Paul—similar to modern “prosperity gospel” preachers.
77
What is the tone of 2 Corinthians?
It is Paul’s most somber letter, reflecting deeply on his suffering.
78
What does 2 Corinthians 1:3 call God?
“The Father of mercies and the God of all consolation.”
79
What is the purpose of suffering according to 2 Corinthians 1:4?
God consoles us so we can console others in their afflictions.
80
What does 2 Corinthians 1:5 teach about Christ’s suffering?
As Christ’s sufferings are abundant, so is our consolation through Him.
81
What is Paul referring to with his “painful visit” and “tearful letter”?
A difficult visit and a sorrowful letter written out of love to correct the Corinthians.
82
What theme is central in 2 Corinthians 4:7–12?
Christians carry the death of Jesus in their bodies so that His life is revealed through them.
83
How does Paul view hardship and suffering?
As temporary afflictions producing an “eternal weight of glory” (4:16–17).
84
What does Paul call the human body in 2 Corinthians 5:1?
An “earthly tent” awaiting transformation.
85
What does 2 Corinthians 5:17 declare?
“If anyone is in Christ, there is a new creation.”
86
What does Paul emphasize in 6:3–10?
His suffering as proof of his faithfulness as a minister of Christ.
87
What were Paul’s opponents accusing him of?
Being an imposter and lacking skill in speech.
88
How does Paul respond to accusations of weakness?
By boasting in his weakness, showing that God’s power is made perfect there.
89
What warning does Paul give in 10:3–5?
To avoid following a gospel different from the one he preached.
90
How does Paul describe his speaking ability in 11:6?
“Untrained in speech” but not in knowledge.
91
What does 2 Corinthians 11:14 warn about?
“Even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light.”
92
What makes the “super-apostles” deceptive?
They appear impressive and boastful, but distort the true gospel.
93
What does Paul boast in according to 2 cor 11:30?
His weaknesses, not his strengths.
94
What sufferings does Paul list in 11:24–27?
Imprisonment, floggings, near-death experiences, lashes, beatings, stoning, and shipwrecks.
95
What is the “thorn in the flesh” (12:7)?
A personal affliction given to keep Paul humble.
96
What key truth does Paul state in 12:9–10?
God’s power is made perfect in weakness; Paul will boast in his sufferings so Christ’s power may rest on him.
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