Section 4

Question 1

DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)

Answer 1

Adds a digital signature to emails to verify that the content has not been altered and was sent from an authorized domain.

Question 2

SPF (Sender Policy Framework)

Answer 2

Specifies which mail servers are authorized to send emails on behalf of a domain by checking the sending server’s IP address.

Question 3

DMARC (Domain-based Authentication, Reporting & Conformance)

Answer 3

Determines the disposition of emails (accept, quarantine, or reject) based on SPF and DKIM results.

Question 4

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Answer 4

• Connection-oriented
• Reliable delivery with error-checking and retransmission
• Sequencing of data
• Slower due to overhead
• Used for applications where reliability is crucial (e.g., HTTP, FTP, email)

Question 5

UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Answer 5

• Connectionless
• Unreliable delivery, no error-checking
• No sequencing or flow control
• Faster due to lower overhead
• Used for applications where speed is more important than reliability (e.g., streaming, VoIP, DNS)

Question 6

What are common TCP ports?

Answer 6

• 80 - HTTP
• 443 - HTTPS
• 25 - SMTP
• 23 - Telnet
• 22 - SSH
• 20/21 - FTP
• 110 - POP3
• 143 - IMAP
• 3389 - RDP

Question 7

Deauthentication

Answer 7

A type of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack targeting Wi-Fi networks. It involves sending spoofed deauthentication frames to disconnect a device from the network. This disrupts connectivity and can be used as a precursor to other attacks, like setting up a rogue access point. Mitigation includes using WPA3, 802.11w (management frame protection), and monitoring the network for unauthorized activity.