What are the 5 characteristics of diarthroses joints?
- Freely moveable joints
- Have a joint cavity called the synovial cavity
- Hyaline cartilage covers joint surfaces of articulating bones
- synovial membranes encases the joint
- Additional ligaments grow between joints
Examples of diarthroses include??
Ball and socket Hinge Pivot Ellipsoidal Saddle Gliding
Ex of ball and socket:
Shoulder and hip
Ex of hinge:
Elbow, knee, and ankle
Ex of pivot:
Atlas and axis, radius and ulna
Ex of ellipsoidal:
Wrist (radius and carpals)
Ex of a saddle;
Thumb
Ex of gliding:
Carpal bones, sacrum and illium (sacroiliac joints)
What are the 3 characteristics of synarthroses?
- Allow little or no movement
- No joint cavity
- Tissue (fibrous, cartilage, or bone) grows between articulating surfaces
Examples of synarthroses?
- Cartilaginous- between vertebrae (some bending and twisting)
- Fibrous- sutures of the skull; no movement
Movement of joints?
Flexion Extension Hyperextension Abduction Adduction
Bending of a limb.
Flexion
What’s extension?
Straightening of a limb
The maximum extension of an arm or leg beyond the plane of the body
Hyperextensions
Adduction is what?
To draw toward the midline of body
What’s to draw away from the original position or midline of the body?
Abduction
What are the two main structural types of joints?
Diarthroses
Synarthroses
