Section B

Question 1

• unlearned behavior that is elicited by an antecedent stimulus
• S-R, A-B

Answer 1

Respondent behavior

Question 2

• natural selection in the history of the species
• refers to behaviors that required no prior learning

Answer 2

Phylogenic behavior

Question 3

• pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus/ already conditioned stimulus
• neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus

Answer 3

Respondent conditioning

Question 4

When a conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus until the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the conditioned response

Answer 4

Respondent extinction

Question 5

Gradually diminishing response strength by presenting the antecedent stimulus repeatedly over a short period of time

Answer 5

Habituation

Question 6

• learned behavior that is evoked/emitted and requires contact with consequences
• S-R-S, A-B-C

Answer 6

Operant behavior

Question 7

Selection by consequences during the lifetime of the individual

Answer 7

Ontogenic behavior

Question 8

Automatic process where consequences affect future probability of the behavior

Answer 8

Operant conditioning

Question 9

When reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued; as a result, the frequency of that behavior decreases in the future

Answer 9

Operant extinction

Question 10

A behavior reduction after an antecedent is presented over and over again over a prolonged period of time

Answer 10

Adaptation

Question 11

• a stimulus is added or presented
• there is an increase in the future frequency of behavior

Answer 11

Positive reinforcement

Question 12

• a stimulus is removed
• there is an increase in the future frequency of behavior

Answer 12

Negative reinforcement

Question 13

• a stimulus is added
• there is a decrease in future frequency of behavior

Answer 13

Positive punishment

Question 14

• a stimulus is removed
• there is a decrease in future frequency of behavior

Answer 14

Negative punishment

Question 15

• Ignoring the behavior
• often ineffective

Answer 15

Procedural extinction

Question 16

• withholding the actual maintaining reinforcer
• preferred and more effective method

Answer 16

Functional extinction

Question 17

• continued responding during the extinction procedure (how long before the behavior stops happening?)
• some behaviors are more resistant to extinction than others and may take longer before they decrease

Answer 17

Resistance to extinction

Question 18

• the reoccurrence of a previously reinforced behavior when reinforcement for an alternative behavior is terminated or decreased

Answer 18

Resurgence

Question 19

• the activity of living organisms

Answer 19

Behavior

Question 20

• a single instance of occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior

Answer 20

Response

Question 21

• a group of responses of varying topography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment; all have the same function

Answer 21

Response class

Question 22

The full set of physical circumstances in which the organism exists (or everything around the organism)

Answer 22

Environment

Question 23

An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells

Answer 23

Stimulus

Question 24

• a group of stimuli that share a predetermined set of common elements in one or more of these dimensions:
• formal, temporal, functional

Answer 24

Stimulus class

Question 25

- physical features of the stimuli - size, color, intensity, weight, shape, prepositions

Answer 25

Formal

Question 26

- when stimuli occur with respect to a behavior of interest - all the things happen before the behavior (antecedent) or all the things that happen after (consequence)

Answer 26

Temporal

Question 27

- the effects the stimuli have on behavior (the function) - the effects the stimuli have can vary with the setting

Answer 27

Functional