What are the differences between Bandura and Chaney?
- method
B = lab
C = field - ethics
B = lack of PFH - lasting impact of aggressive models
C = informed consent from parents - data
B = both
C = only quantitative - sample
B = American (california)
C = Australian
What are the similarities between Bandura and Chaney?
- method
both experimental - data
both collect quantitative - sample
both children
What are the differences between Kohlberg and Lee?
- method
K = longitudinal
L = snapshot - data
K = qualitative
L = quantitative - sample
K = American boys
L = Chinese and Canadian children
What are the similarities between Kohlberg and Lee?
- method
both use self report method - interviews - sample
both children
How does Lee link to an assumption?
A= change and development is ongoing and continues throughout out lifetime
E= moral judgement modifies with age and experience
How does Kohlberg link to an assumption?
A= behaviour may in pre-determined stages & change and development continues throughout our lifetime & is ongoing
E= boys demonstrated each stage one at a time and in a fixed order, as you age your morality develops
How does Chaney link to an assumption?
A= behaviour may be learned (nurture) or be innate (nature)
E= funhaler improved compliance = learned
How does Bandura link to an assumption?
A= early experiences can effect later development
E= aggressive role models may affect aggression in adulthood
How does Bandura link to the key theme - external influences?
- role models and SLT
key findings to support:
1. aggressive role model produces aggressive children
2. adults have influence over actions of children
How does Chaney link to the key theme - external influences?
- operant conditioning
- positive reinforcement
key findings to support:
1. improved medical adherence
2. useful
How does Kohlberg link to the key theme - morality?
- stages of moral development
- levels of moral development
key findings to support:
1. demonstrate each stage of moral development in a fixed order
2. progress with age
How does Lee link to the key theme - morality?
- lying & truth telling
- prosocial and antisocial
- self-effacement and self-aggrandisement
key findings to support:
1. Chinese children vs Canadian children ratings
How do Bandura and Chaney link to cultural diversity?
- both study western cultures = not culturally diverse
- BUT both found SLT effects children = external cultural influences
How do Bandura and Chaney link to social diversity?
- Bandura = uni nursery = not representative of everyone - higher social class
- Chaney = 51km radius = not representative
How do Bandura and Chaney link to individual diversity?
- both studies include males and females = individually diverse
- does not take into account individual differences e.g., learning difficulties (ADHD = harder to take asthma medication)
How do Kohlberg and Lee link to cultural diversity?
- western bias = not culturally diverse - Kohlberg only eastern = Taiwan - not rep of all eastern culture
- only China and Canada = not diverse
How do Kohlberg and Lee link to social diversity?
- most Canadian children were from middle class families = limits social diversity
How do Kohlberg and Lee link to individual diversity?
- Kohlberg = only male sample - cannot generalise to females
- Lee = equal number of males and females (China)
- age bias (K = 10-16 (@ start) L = 7-11)
What are the strengths of the developmental area?
- longitudinal aspect = reliable, less impact of individual differences, lots of detail - WHY behind behaviour
- practical applications = very useful e.g., Chaney’s medical adherence
- collection of quantitative data use of lab experiments = scientific
- more holistic - nature and nurture
What are the weaknesses of the developmental area?
- holistic approach = less scientific - harder to establish causality
- ethics: cannot gain informed consent - children, PFH - easy to psychologically harm children, long term effects not considered
- qualitaitve data = subjective interpretation
- removes free will = self-fulfilling prophecy
