Seizures

Question 1

what is the ILAE classification for epileptic seizures?

Answer 1

anatomic classification

Question 2

what is the international classification of epilepsies and and epileptic syndromes?

Answer 2

localization of seizures and patient characteristics

Question 3

what are the generalized seizures?

Answer 3

• tonic
• clonic
• tonic-clonic (grand mal)
• absence (petit mal)
• myoclonic
• atonic / akinetic
• infantile spasms

Question 4

what are the EEG findings for absence seizures?

Answer 4

3 Hz spike and slow wave

Question 5

80% of all seizures are __________ seizures

Answer 5

partial

Question 6

what are the subtypes of simple partial seizures?

Answer 6

• motor
• sensory
• autonomic
• psychic

Question 7

first aid for seizures

Answer 7

• protect head
• turn on side
• head dependent
• NOTHING IN MOUTH

Question 8

what are the therapeutic goals of seizure management?

Answer 8

• complete seizure control
• few adverse events
• improved quality of life
• affordable treatment

Question 9

anticonvulsant drug interactions are influenced by what 3 factors?

Answer 9

• absorption
• protein binding
• hepatic microsomal enzymes

Question 10

what are the drug options for symptomatic partial seizures?

Answer 10

• carbamazepine
• oxcarbamazepine
• lamotrigine

Question 11

what are the drug options for generalized absence seizures?

Answer 11

• levitiracetam
• topiramate
• lamotrigine
• valproate
• lacosamide

Question 12

what are the drug options for myoclonus?

Answer 12

• valproate
• lamotrigine
• topiramate
• lacosamide

Question 13

what are the features of status epilepticus?

Answer 13

• frequent seizures without recovery from one to the next
• one seizure lasting over 30 minutes
• true medical emergency

Question 14

what is the treatment for status epilepticus?

Answer 14

• ABCs
• H&P
• IV, blood draw
• O2, thiamine, glucose, IV fluids
• lorazepam
• fosphenytoin

if it persists: IV phenobarbital, levetiracetam, valproate, propofol

Question 15

what is done for pregnant patients with epilepsy?

Answer 15

if they have seizures, use medication to treat them - choose the most effective one with the least teratogenic effects