Self

Question 1

what is adolescence?

years? defintion? what changes (3)?

Answer 1

(11-18 yrs) one of the most rapid phases of human development (physiological, social and psychological changes)

Question 2

what is self-concept?

Answer 2

description and evaluation of oneself/ individual’s belief about oneself (attributes, who & what the self is)

Question 3

3 examples of general self-concept

Answer 3

academic, physical ability/ appearance, morals/ beliefs/ values/ religion, family/ peer relations social roles etc.

Question 4

why is it important to understand ourselves? (2 ans)

Answer 4

1. making informed choices
2. know our strengths and weaknesses -> improve ourselves

Question 5

why do adolescents search for personal identity through “intense exploration of personal values, beliefs and goals”?

Answer 5

provides sense of continuity/ self-sameness, sense of uniqueness

Question 6

identity formation of adolescents (eRiK eRiKsOn)

what do they search for? what do they do to achieve what they are?

Answer 6

1. unique identity
2. explore diff possibilities and form strong attachments

Question 7

how does identity formation link to idol worshipping? (eRiK eRiKsOn)

what are idols to teens?

Answer 7

idols become teens’ role models whom they learn from and develop the qualities they aspire to have

Question 8

exploring diff identities (2 suggestions + 2 effects)

Answer 8

1. try new things/ join diff ecas -> develop own passion and talents
2. follow what peers do, be a member of a peer group-> fit in, learn from them

Question 9

what happens if we fail to build identity? (+ 3 effects)

Answer 9

role confusion/ identity crisis -> lack of confidence, bad mental health, experiment unhealthy/ dangerous lifestyles

Question 10

what is self image? what are some external examples whose evaluation affects our self image?

Answer 10

how see see ourselves and how we imagine other see ourselves. parental influences, friends, the media etc.

Question 11

what is self esteem?

Answer 11

the extent to which we accept or approve of ourselves or how much we value ourselves (involves degree of evaluation)

Question 12

what is self-efficacy?

Answer 12

the belief that one is competent

Question 13

factors of high self-esteem (3 examples)

Answer 13

1. have confidence in our abilities
2. positive view of ourselves, optimistic
3. think of ourselves highly
   4. know our self-worth
   5. not worried about what others think
   6. have self-acceptance

Question 14

factors of low self-esteem (3 examples)

Answer 14

1. lack confidence
2. negative view of ourselves, pessimistic
3. think that we are worthless
   4. worried about what others might think
   5. want to be/ look like someone else

Question 15

5 building blocks of self-esteem + sense of

Answer 15

S elfhood (sense of uniqueness)
C ompetence (sense of success/ accomplishment)
A fflilation (sense of belonging)
M ission (sense of purpose)
S ecurity (sense of security)

Question 16

6 self esteem dbq factors

Answer 16

1. social comparison
2. family influence/ lack of family support
3. mass media influence
4. family background/ socio-economic status
5. peer/ social acceptance
6. lack achievements/ poor performance

Question 17

development of new attachments of teens

Answer 17

move increasingly away from parents -> increasingly towards peers

Question 18

why are teens easily influenced by peers?

peers contribute to sense of..?

Answer 18

they contribute to the sense of belonging/ affiliation and sense of self-worth of teens

Question 19

common tactics used by peers to incite teens (2)

Answer 19

1. threaten will lose grp membership
2. tease them (takes advantage of their self-esteem)

Question 20

linking identity and peer influence

think about how we build identity

Answer 20

membership in peer group -> explore diff identities/ fit in -> understand place in society

Question 21

how is peer pressure created? how does this link to conformity? (what do they want to gain?)

Answer 21

peer groups create strong expectations for acceptable appearance and behaviour for peers to be “in group”. teens conform to peer pressure to gain peer acceptance

Question 22

dealing with peer pressure (5)

Answer 22

1. rejection with determination NOOOO NUH UH
2. family’s pressure as reason for rejection
3. divert attention
4. leave the scene
5. pointing out adverse effects/ consequences

Question 23

what is mental well-being? [world health org] (4)

Answer 23

state of well-being which the individual
1. realises their own abilities
2. can cope with normal stresses of life
3. can work productively and fruitfully
4. is able to make a contribution to their community

Question 24

why are adolescences emotionally susceptible during development periods, and how does mental well-being affect them?

Answer 24

turbulent period brought by changes in body and feelings -> emotionally susceptible
-mental well-being affects their ability to cope with challenges

Question 25

5 stress dbq factors

Answer 25

1. study workload/ academic stress **2. keen/ intense competition (constantly worried)** 3. high parental expectations/ parental control (afraid cannot meet expectations) 4. peer relationship/ interpersonal conflicts (x communication skills to cope with conflicts -> worried & anxious) 5. future prospect (lack sense of competence)

Question 26

what is stress?

Answer 26

-feeling of emotional & **physical tension** -feeling **overwhelmed** or unable to cope unmanageable things

Question 27

common symptoms of stress (physical x4, emotional x5)

Answer 27

physical 1. excessive sweating 2. increased heart rate **3. elevated blood pressure** 4. rapid breathing emotional **1. anxiety** **2. fear** **3. irritability** 4. hopelessness 5. feeling overwhelmed

Question 28

lack achievement lack sense of + suggestion + effect

Answer 28

- low confidence, low self image, low sense of competence - join activities to **explore potentials** (eca etc) to **build** sense of competence because of **strengths**

Question 29

peer/ social acceptance lack sense of + suggestion + effect

Answer 29

- low sense of belonging, thinks is worthless - explore common interest with classmates or people outside

Question 30

social comparison lack sense of + suggestion + effect

Answer 30

- uses others as benchmarks, low sense of success -> negative self worth - **develop self-recognition & self-acceptance**: recognise improvement -> confident + positive self image

Question 31

family support lack sense of + suggestion + effect

Answer 31

- lack sense of security, not worthy of being loved -> low self value - share feelings -> build **trusting** & **caring relationship** -> feel **secure** & **assured of self value**

Question 32

mass media influence lack sense of + suggestion + effect

Answer 32

- lack sense of uniqueness bc only follow the "perfect" standards -> **low self worth** - be critical of portrayal in the media (may not be reliable & objective) -> **assured of unique value**

Question 33

socio-economic background lack sense of + suggestion + effect

Answer 33

- lack sense of purpose bc think lack necessary resources to succeed -> lack confidence for bright future - seek financial assistance from gov/ charities (e.g. subsidies for eca), pay more effort to studying -> feel more confident and optimistic about their life

Question 34

study workload (sleep deprivation) effect

Answer 34

reduces rest time -> lacking time to relax -> stress builds up

Question 35

keen/ intense competition effect

Answer 35

constantly worried

Question 36

high parental expectations/ parental control reason, effects (2+2)

Answer 36

- high expectations -> children are afraid to fail expectations - too much parental control -> **little room for children to *relax* themselves**

Question 37

peer relationship/ interpersonal conflicts reason, effects

Answer 37

- differences in opinions -> intense argument - no communications skills to cope with conflicts -> worried and anxious

Question 38

future prospect elaboration + lack sense of ..?

Answer 38

- worried about whether or not they can achieve their dream career & life planning (esp if poor academic) - lack sense of competence