sensory perception

Question 1

What are the Sensory Systems

Answer 1

Vision
 Hearing
 Taste
 Smell
 Touch

Question 2

what cranial nerve is Vision

Answer 2

CN II (optic)
 Transmits light to the brain reflected from solid  objects in the environment.

Question 3

what Cranial nerve is Hearing

Answer 3

CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

The sense of sound perception results from tiny hair fibers in the inner ear

Question 4

what cranial nerves are taste?

Answer 4

CN VII (Facial) & CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)

4 different receptors on the tongue

Question 5

what cranial nerve is smell?

Answer 5

CN I (Olfactory)

The detection of odor

Question 6

What cranial nerve is touch?

Answer 6

Tactile
CN V (Trigeminal)
Pressure perception generally on the skin

Question 7

What do the senses do?

Answer 7

Provide information about 
Internal environment &
External environment
Enable people to experience the world
Allow response to changes
Help body maintain homeostasis
Necessary for human growth and development

Question 8

what are sensory alterations

Answer 8

Impairment of one of the senses; examples include partial or complete loss of hearing or vision, color blindness, loss of sensation in some body part or the loss of the sense of balance

Question 9

what do sensory alterations cause?

Answer 9

difficulty in receiving and interpreting stimuli

Persons will have difficulty interacting safely or appropriately with the environment until compensatory mechanisms are developed

Question 10

what is a stimilus

Answer 10

Trigger that stimulates receptor
Meaning depends on reception and processing
(e.g., loud noise, bright light, sour fruit)

Question 11

what is reception?

Answer 11

Process of receiving stimuli from nerve endings

We are receiving thousands of pieces of information at any given moment.

Question 12

what are thermoreceptors

Answer 12

The sense of heat or absence of heat

Question 13

what are proprioceptors

Answer 13

The sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body

Question 14

what are photoreceptors

Answer 14

Detects visible light

Question 15

Reception occurs…

Answer 15

through receptors.

Question 16

what is perception?

Answer 16

Ability to interpret sensory impulses

Ability to give meaning to impulses

Question 17

what is perception affected by

Answer 17

Location of receptor
Number of receptors activated
Frequency of action potentials

Question 18

what is arousal

Answer 18

Composed of consciousness and alertness

Mediated by RAS (reticular activating system)

Question 19

what is arousal affected by

Answer 19

Environment

Medications

Question 20

what is RAS

Answer 20

reticular activating system

Question 21

factors affecting response to sensation

Answer 21

Intensity of stimulus
Contrasting stimuli
Adaptation to stimuli
Previous experience

Question 22

what is required to respond to sensation

Answer 22

Alert
Receptive to stimulation
Will react to stimuli most meaningful at the time

Question 23

what are the factors affecting sensory function

Answer 23

Age/stage of life
Culture
Illness
Medications
Stress
Personality
Lifestyle

Question 24

what are the different sensory alterations

Answer 24

Sensory deprivation
Sensory overload
Impaired vision
Impaired hearing
Impaired taste
Impaired smell
Impaired tactile perception
Impaired kinesthetic sense

Question 25

what is sensory deprivation

Answer 25

Inadequate quality/quantity of sensory stimulation Reduced input, elimination of meaning of input that produces monotony or boredom Stimulus must be strong enough to get a response

Question 26

what are the cognitive effects of sensory deprivation

Answer 26

Reduced capacity to learn/ Poor task performance Inability to think or problem solve Disorientation /Bizarre thinking

Question 27

what are the affective effects of sensory deprivation

Answer 27

Boredom Restlessness Increased anxiety/ Panic Increased need for physical stimulation

Question 28

what are the perceptual effects of sensory deprivation

Answer 28

Changes in visual/ motor coordination Reduced color perception Less tactile accuracy Changes in perception of size/shape/spatial/time

Question 29

what is sensory overload

Answer 29

``` Multiple stimuli that cannot be easily discarded Prevents a meaningful response Frequent/constant pain Schizophrenia ICU ```

Question 30

what are nursing interventions for sensory overload

Answer 30

``` Minimize stimuli Less light, noise Less television/radio Calm tone Reduce noxious odors Provide rest Teach stress reduction ```

Question 31

what nursing interventions are there for impaired vision

Answer 31

Attend to glasses Sufficient light Protect eyes in sunlight Magnifying lens/large-print books

Question 32

what must you evaluate for impaired vision

Answer 32

Ability to perform ADLs Ability to remain safe in the environment Need for assistance 

Question 33

what are nursing interventions for impaired hearing

Answer 33

``` Care of a hearing aid Closed-caption television Regular inspection of ear canals Techniques to improve communication Promote safety Assess for social isolation ```

Question 34

what are nursing interventions for a confused client

Answer 34

``` Reorient frequently State your name; day, date, time Provide clocks, calendars Visual clues to time Use personal belongings Maintain safe environment Communicate clearly, slowly Explain procedures Respond to feelings Use gestures Limit choices Promote feelings of security Use alternative therapies ```

Question 35

what are nursing interventions for an unconscious client

Answer 35

``` Continue orientation to reality Safety measures Bed in low position Side rails up Attend to body systems Eye care Range of motion Skin care/mouth care Urinary drainage Bowel management Nutrition ```