What are the closed cavities of the body
Pleural
Pericardial
Peritoneal
Serous membrane that lines the cavity wall
Parietal membrane
Serous membrane that covers the organs within the cavity
Visceral membrane
The fluid between the membranes is called _________, and it provides lubrication between the parietal and visceral membranes
Serous fluid
It is the accumulation of fluid between the membranes
effusion
Effusion is classified as __________ or ____________
Exudate
Transudate
It is the disruption of fluid production & regulation between membranes
transudate
It is the changes in hydrostatic pressure and oncotic pressure
Example:
Hypoproteinemia
Congestive heart failure
Nephrotic syndrome
Liver cirrhosis
Transudate
It is the direct damage to the membrane of a particular cavity
Example:
Infection
Inflammation
malignancy
Exudate
This kind of pressure pushes water outward
Hydrostatic pressure
This pressure pulls water back to the blood vessel, and is maintained by albumin
Oncotic pressure
a simple, old-fashioned test used to help differentiate between exudate and transudate in body cavity fluids (especially pleural effusion).
Rivalta’s test (serosamucin clot test)
Acetic acid + water + unknown fluid = (+) heavy precipitate
exudate
Acetic acid + water + unknown fluid = (-) heavy precipitate
transudate
Rivalta’s test (serosamucin clot test):
Clear, pale yellow appearance
transudate
Rivalta’s test (serosamucin clot test):
Cloudy, color variable appearance
exudate
Normal appearance of 3 P’s (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal fluid)
Clear, pale yellow
Serous fluid method of collection:
Pleural fluid = <30 mL
thoracentesis
Serous fluid method of collection:
Pericardial fluid = <50 mL
pericardiocentesis
Serous fluid method of collection:
Peritoneal (ascitic) fluid = <100 mL
paracentesis
Serous fluid is distributed in:
_________ = cell counts and differential
EDTA
Serous fluid is distributed in:
_________ = microbiology and cytology
Sterile heparin or SPS
Serous fluid is distributed in:
_________ = chemistry
Plain/heparin tubes
Pleural fluid appearance:
normal
Clear pale yellow
