Musculoskeletal System > Session 1 - Bones and joints > Flashcards

Session 1 - Bones and joints Flashcards

(52 cards)

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0
Q

Why is a fat embolism a possible complication of a break?

A

-If lipid escapes from the yellow marrow within a bone and enters a broken vessel it can cause a fat embolus

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1
Q

What are the main functions of the skeleton?

A
  • Support
  • Protect
  • Shape
  • Movement
  • Mineral storage
  • Haematopoeisis
  • Lipid storage
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2
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A
  • Skull
  • Vertebral Column
  • Rib Cage
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3
Q

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

A

-Protect and support

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4
Q

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

A

-Upper and Lower limbs

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5
Q

What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?

A

-Mobility

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6
Q

What are the 5 types of bone?

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular (pneumatic)
  • Sesamoid
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7
Q

Define tuberosity

A

-Roughened, rounded elevation, often site of muscle attachment

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8
Q

Define tubercle

A

-Small rounded elevation, often site of muscle attachment

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9
Q

Define meatus

A

-Tunnel/canal

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10
Q

Define fissure

A

-Cleft or narrow slit

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11
Q

Define facet

A

-Flattened surface for joint/muscle attachment

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12
Q

Define foramen

A

-Hole or opening

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13
Q

Define sinus

A

-Hollow space

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14
Q

Define condyle

A

Large prominence or rounded surface

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15
Q

Define epicondyle

A

-Smaller prominence above a condyle which is often the site of muscle attachment

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16
Q

Define spine/spinous process

A

-Slender projection

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17
Q

Define fossa

A

-Depression

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18
Q

Define notch

A

-Large groove

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19
Q

Define crest

A

-Ridge

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20
Q

Name the three classifications of joints

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A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
21
Q

What determines joint classification?

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A

-The type of tissue which joins the joint

22
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

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A

-An immovable joint which is fixed by connective tissue

23
Q

Give an example of a fibrous joint

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A
  • Sutures of skull
  • Syndesmosis of radius and ulna
  • Gomphosis of teeth
24
What are the two types of cartilaginous joint?
-Primary and secondary
25
What is a synchondrosis?
-A cartilaginous joint connected by hyaline cartilage (ie a primary cartilaginous joint)
26
What is a symphysis?
-A cartilaginous joint which is connected by fibrocartilage (ie a secondary cartilaginous joint)
27
Give an example of a primary cartilaginous joint?
-Only 1 permanent in the body -> the 1st sternocostal joint
28
Why are some primary cartilaginous joints not permanent joints?
-They are the epiphyseal growth plates which close after growth
29
Give an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint
- Extensive throughout body - Pubic symphysis - IVD - Menisci of knee
30
What are the three defining features of a synovial joint?
- Articular capsule - Synovial fluid - Articular cartilage
31
What makes up an articular capsule of a synovial joint?
-The fibrous capsule and the synovium/synovial membrane
32
What type of cartilage is articular cartilage?
-Hyaline
33
What types of accessory structures do some synovial joints have?
- Ligaments | - Menisci
34
A hinge joint permits what movement?
-Flexion and extension
35
Give an example of a hinge joint
-Elbow
36
A saddle joint permits what movement?
- Side to side | - Anterior/Posterior
37
Give an example of a saddle joint
-The carpometacarpal joint of 1st digit (ie between trapezium and 1st metacarpal)
38
What type of movement does a ball and socket joint permit?
-Movement in several axes
39
Describe a ball and socket joint
-Rounded head fits into a concavity
40
Give an example of a ball and socket joint
- Shoulder | - Hip
41
What movement does a pivot joint permit?
-Rotation
42
Describe a pivot joint
-Bony process fits into a ligamentous socket
43
Give an example of a pivot joint
-Atlantoaxial joint
44
What type of movement does a condyloid joint permit?
- Extension - Flexion - Circumduction - ADduction - ABduction
45
Give an example of a condyloid joint
-Metacarpo-phalangeal joint
46
What movement does a plane joint permit?
-sliding/gliding
47
Give an example of a plane joint
-Acromioclavicular joint
48
What 3 things determine joint stability?
- Ligaments - Depth of articular surface - Muscles/muscle tone
49
In which direction is a sagittal plane?
-From forehead to crown
50
In which direction is a coronal plane?
-From ear to ear
51
In which direction is a transverse plane?
-Horizontal
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