session #2

Question 1

what are the dimensions of globalization?

Answer 1

• people (on the move, majority South-South (not South->North))
  !move is also within continents etc. (e.g. within Africa)
• capital (global trade, more and more non-rich to non-rich (first mostly rich to rich))
• politics ((most/some are) global, at least in effects)
• culture (global)

Question 2

what processes are connected to globalization

Answer 2

• interdependence
• time-space compression

Question 3

What approaches are there on globalization?

Answer 3

• ‘international relations’ approach
• ‘globalist’ approach
• transnational critique

Question 4

‘International Relations’ approach globalization

Answer 4

• domestic/international divide
• states as main actors
• non-state actors negligible (in the end:

e.g. Maersheimer, realism, constructvism (adds a couple of premises)

Question 5

globalist approach globalization

Answer 5

• world divides are flattened
• world is undifferentiated investment surface
• decreased relevance of states

popular at end of the cold war, end of bipolarity
- coming from a hope of a new type of world

Question 6

interdependence

Answer 6

the process through which ‘‘security and force matter less and countries are connected by multiple social and political relationship’’
- Keohane and Nye

states are connected to each other (economically)

Question 7

time-space compression

Answer 7

the set of processes that cause the relative distances between places (i.e., as measured in terms of travel time or cost) to contract, effectively making such places grow ‘‘closer’’
- David Harvey

digital lives -> connection to people who aren’t near you

distance and time seem and are smaller/shorter

Question 8

transnational critique globalization

Answer 8

from the professor

problem of analytical purchase
- relations develop between states and non-state actors
- states adapt to globalization: transgovernmentalism

problem of conceptualization: there isn’t only states, there isn’t states don’t matter
- states matter in some cases, they don’t matter in others

Question 9

What directions are there for a transnational approach

Answer 9

• territorial trap
• sovereignty as relational
• spatiality as networked
• identity as multiple and hybrid

Question 10

territorial trap

Answer 10

John Agnew (aka smiley face)

territorial trap: wrong ideas about states

1. states don’t have absolute power over territory (sovereignty isn’t absolute)
2. sovereign space is not a surface but networks
3. boundaries of the state aren’t the boundaries of society

Question 11

sovereignty is not absolute
- territorial trap

Answer 11

• effective territorial sovereignty is a myth
• rule existed in other forms (city-state, monarchies, empires): it could be different now, or in the future
• territorial state is a recent invention

sovereignty is a myth, it’s imposed

Question 12

sovereign space is not a surface but networks
- territorial trap

Answer 12

unified territorial control has a history

• power operates much more through networks
• they don’t follow an international/domestic distinction (don’t (always) care about boundaries)
• transnational elite networks / transgovernmentalism

states aren’t unitary actors, interested in the same things

Question 13

boundaries of the state aren’t the boundaries of society

Answer 13

• nationalism is historically determined (violent proces: e.g. forcing a language)
• identities have never entirely fit territorial borders
• globalization has reinforced discrepancy
• hibridity rather than homogeneity (idea that diversity is positive)

Question 14

globalization is

Answer 14

• increasing interconnection
• set of processes of deterritorialization, interdependence, and compression of time and space