What does Communicative Memory contain?
- Concrete experience of witnesses
- It goes back about 80 years or two generations
What does the Cultural Memory contain?
- Institutionalised Memory
- Its content is defining for communities
In which way does culture reproduces itself according to Cognitive Cultural Anthropology?
Because there are certain schemata that are shared in a given culture, the material world, social institutions and mental dispositions are the way they are. In simply being exposed to these factors individuals, in turn, start to learn and to share the underlying schemata.
What are the disadvantages of Interdiskursanalyse?
- Too strong a focus on language
- The exact mode of establishment of “Collective Symbols” unclear
- Consequently, no systematic concept of the mental processes that underlie a given culture
What are George Lakoff’s two basic claims?
- Metaphors are not expressions of thoughts, they are the mode in which we think.
- Concepts are based in preconceptual bodily experience.
What is the definition of the Conceptual Metaphors theory?
“Since metaphorical expressions in our language are tied to metaphorical concepts in a systematic way, we can use metaphorical linguistic expressions to study the nature of metaphorical concepts”
What are Conceptual Metaphors split into?
- Metaphorical expressions in our language
- Metaphorical concept
What was Prof. Strasens Hypothesis regarding as to why symbols become collective symbols?
A symbol is the more likely to become part of the Interdiskurs the more it is based on preconceptual bodily experience
What is the criticism on the subject Medienkulturwissenschaft?
It is a highly problematic field of study because the terms with which the discipline operates are ill-defined, even more so than in the field of Cultural Studies in general. Even the defining term “Media” (“Medien”) is used in different, often even mutually exclusive ways.
What are the different definitions of Media given in the lecture?
- Technological Definitions
- Semiotic Definitions
Which technological definitions of media were given in the lecture?
Which semiotic definitions of media were given in the lecture?
They are defined along the semiotic mode of use of sign-systems (iconic vs. symbolic; direct vs. indirect; code-based vs. inferential etc.)
In what way are Media studies related to what we have said about culture in the lecture so far?
Media as a sub-culture can be split into the same categories as culture has been split before (Social, Material and Mental).
Which three aspects on the relationship between Media and Cultural Studies were kept in the lecture?
- Mass Media can be seen as a distinct sub-culture, complete with sub-cultural models (shared frames), regularities Cultural Memory etc..
- The system of media in a given culture interacts with Cultural Memory. The dominant
forms of medialisation strongly influence the content and the form of Cultural
Memory. - The dominant media in a culture influence the forms of expression that are possible
in that culture. In influencing the form they influence (determine?) what can and
what cannot be said and thought in that culture. => McLuhan; Postman
In which sense does the medium influence the message?
“Medientechnologien sind jedoch keine neutralen Behältnisse für gedächtnisrelevante Semiosen. Ihre spezifische Materialität, ihr Leistungsvermögen und ihre Grenzen tragen ihrerseits zur Art der Botschaft bei.”
Explain Bühler and Jakobsons traditional model of communication
