What is subacromial bursitis?
-inflammation of the subacromial bursa
-often due to calcific supraspinatus tendinitis,
causing a painful arc of of abduction
What is Medial Epicondylitis
-inflammation of the common flexor tendon of the wrist
where it originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus
-golfers elbow
What is Lateral epicondylitis?
-strain attachment of common extensor tendon and inflammation of periosteum of lateral epicondyle
-results from repeated forceful flexion and extension of the wrist
-Pain felt over lateral epicondyle and radiates down
posterior aspect of forearm
-Pain often felt when opening a door or lifting a glass
How can blockage of the Subclavian or Axillary artery be bypassed?
-arterial anastamoses around scapula
-anastomoses between branches of the Thyrocervical and
Subscapular arteries:
- Transverse cervical artery
- Suprascapular artery
- Subscapular artery
- Circumflex scapular artery
What are the contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?
- Biceps brachii tendon
- Brachial artery
- Median nerve
What is the cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
-Results from a lesion that reduces the size of the carpal
tunnel
-Dislocation of LUNATE BONE!
What is the most sensitive/effected structure in the carpal tunnel?
Median Nerve
What are the clinical manifestations of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
-Pins and needles or anesthesia of the lateral 3.5 digits -palm sensation is not affected because superficial palmar cutaneous branch passes superficially to carpal tunnel -Apehand deformity - absent of OPPOSITION
What is Erb-Duchenne palsy/Upper Brachial Palsy?
- paralysis of the muscles of upper extremity supplied by C5 and C6 spinal nerves (roots)
- lesions of axillary, suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerves with loss of the shoulder mm and anterior arm
- Patients have Waiter’s Tip:
1) adducted shoulder
2) medially rotated arm
3) extended elbow
What is Klumpke’s Paralysis/Lower Brachial Palsy?
-Injury of lower roots and trunk
-upper limb is suddenly pulled superiorly: stretching or
tearing of the inferior parts of the brachial plexus (C8
and T1 roots or inferior trunk
-grabbing support during fall from height or
as a birth injury, or TOS – thoracic outlet syndrome
Which muscles are effected in Klumpke’s Paralysis?
- All intrinsic muscles of the hand supplied by the C8 and T1 roots of the lower trunk affected
What lesions are included in Klumpke’s Paralysis?
- Combination lesions of ulnar nerve (“claw hand”) and median nerve (“ape hand”)
- Loss of sensation in the medial aspect of the upper limb and medial 1,5 fingers.
What does the Ankle Jerk Reflex Test?
spinal nerves S1-S2
What usually is the cause of musculocutaneous nerve injury?
lesions of lateral cord
What are the symptoms of musculocutaneous nerve injury?
- weakened flexion of elbow (biceps and brachialis
muscles) and supination of forearm (biceps muscle)
-May be accompanied by anesthesia over lateral
aspect of forearm
