what are the 4 Ps
Preserve Lyfe
Prevent Injury
Promote Recovery
Provide Comfort and Relief
D R S B C
Danger Responsiveness Shout Breathing CPR
C H E C K
Check for Pain History Examine from head to toe Compare Keep monitoring vital signs
where to check body
Head Ear and Nose Eyes Mouth Skin Back Collarbone and Ribcage Fracture Abdomen
Types Of Bleeding
Arteries- blood will spurt out, bright red
Capillaries
Veins- blood gushes out, bright red
Why must we wear gloves
- prevent spreading of blood borne diseases
Types of Bleeding
Abrasion- graze
Contusion- bruise
Incised Wound- long, razor etc
Laceration- jagged edges, high risk of infection
Symptoms of Shock
Pale, clammy skin, sweating
—>
Rapid shallow breathing, grayish blue skin develops, weakness and dizziness
, nausea, vomiting and thirst
Symptoms of Fracture
- deformity
- open injury/ internal bleeding
- swelling/ bleeding
- pain and tenderness
- loss function of limb
Pain
Movement
Sensation
Treatment of Fractures
Arm Sling+ Immobilisation:
Shoulder Dislocation/ Upper Arm/ Lower Arm/ Wrist
LOOK AT BOOK
Symptoms of Spinal Injury
- inability to move lower limb
- loss of sensation
- paralysis
- loss control of bladder and bowel
- difficulty in breathing
Sprain and Strain
Sprain: tearing of ligament
Strain: tearing of muscle or tendons attaches to muscle
Symptoms of Sprain and Strain
Sprain:
- acute pain
- swelling
Strain:
- sudden sharp severe pain
- tenderness when touched
Symptoms of Eyes Injury
- vision blurry
- cloudy vision
- eye irritation
- pain
- seeing flashes
- area outside centre field lose clarity
Symptom and Treatment
- Chemical Burn
Symptoms:
- intense stinging pain
- evidence of chemical
- discolouration
- blisters
- swelling
Treatment:
- ventilate area
- flood area with water for 20 min
- remove contaminated clothing
Treat Burn
- cool under running water for 10min
- remove constrictors
- cover burn with kitchen film
Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion
Heat Exhaustion:
- feeling weak
- dizziness or fainting
- headaches
- blurring vision
- abdominal pain
- sweating heavily
- body temp higher than usual
Symptoms of Heat Stroke
- hot body but NOT sweating
- may not be able to talk properly
- loss of bladder control
- body temp higher than 40*C
Treatment for heat exhaustion
- lie in shady area
- remove extra layers of clothing
- sponge person
- elevate legs
- drink lots of water
Treatment for heat stroke
- quickly cool body
- go to shady area
- lie casualty down n elevate legs
- sponge casualty
- monitor breathing
