Ship's Routeing & Reporting

Question 1

What publications contain information about Ship’s Routeing and/or Reporting?

Answer 1

1. SOLAS Chapter V
2. IMO Ship’s Routeing Guide
3. ADMIRALTY Sailing Directions
4. ADMIRALTY List of Radio Signals
5. COLREGs Rule 10
6. AMDIRALTY Routeing Guides
7. Standard Navigational Charts

Question 2

Purpose of Ship’s Routeing?

Answer 2

The purpose of ships’ routeing is to improve the safety of navigation in converging areas and in areas where the density of traffic is great or where freedom of movement of shipping is inhibited by restricted sea-room, the existence of obstructions to navigation, limited depths or unfavourable meteorological conditions. Ships’ routeing may also be used for the purpose of preventing or reducing the risk of pollution or other damage to the marine environment caused by ships colliding or grounding or anchoring in or near environmentally sensitive areas.

Question 3

What are the functions of Ship’s Routeing?

Answer 3

• The separation of opposing streams of traffic so as to reduce the incidence of head-on encounters;
• The reduction of dangers of collision between crossing traffic and shipping in established traffic lanes;
• The simplification of the patterns of traffic flow in converging areas;
• The organization of safe traffic flow in areas of concentrated offshore exploration or exploitation;
• The organization of traffic flow in or around areas where navigation by al l ships or by certain classes of ship is dangerous or undesirable;
• The organization of safe traffic flow in or around or at a safe distance from environmentally sensitive areas;
• The reduction of risk of grounding by providing special guidance to vessels in areas where water depths are uncertain or critical;
• The guidance of traffic clear of fishing grounds or the organization of traffic through fishing grounds

Question 4

Contents of IMO Ship’s Routeing?

Answer 4

• Part A - General provisions on ships’ routeing
• Part B - Traffic separation schemes and inshore traffic zones
• Part C - Deep-water routes
• Part D - Areas to be avoided
• Part E - Other routeing measures
• Part F - Associated rules and recommendations on navigation
• Part G - Mandatory ship reporting systems, mandatory routeing systems and mandatory no anchoring areas
• Part H – Adoption, designation and substitution or archipelagic sea lanes.

Question 5

Difference between ADOPTED and NON ADOPTED traffic separation schemes?

Answer 5

An Adopted Traffic Separation Scheme is one which the IMO considers that
.1 the aids to navigation proposed will enable mariners to determine their position with sufficient accuracy to navigate in the scheme in accordance with rule 10 of the 1972 Collision Regulations, as amended;
.2 the state of hydrographic surveys in the area is adequate;*
.3 the scheme takes account of the accepted planning considerations and complies with the design criteria for traffic separation schemes and with established methods of routeing.

Question 6

Publications where the mariner can gain information regarding a NEW ADOPTED traffic separation schemes?

Answer 6

1. Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners Ships’ Routeing
2. Passage Planning Charts

Question 7

What information does a Routeing Guide contain?

Answer 7

Based on Chart 5502 (Malacca & Singapore Straits)…
1. Passage Planning using the Guide
2. General Rules & Recommendations
3. Special Rules & Recommendations
4. Special Class of Vessel
5. Local Hazards
6. Reporting & VTS
7. Maritime Radio Services
8. Aids to Navigation
9. Pilot Services
10. Tidal Information & Services
11. Memoranda

Question 8

Name Mandatory Ship Reporting Systems

Answer 8

CALDOVREP (Straits of Dover & Adjacent Waters)
GIBREP (Gibraltar Straits)
MAREP (Malacca & Singapore Straits)
FINREP (North West Coast of Portugal)

Question 9

For the CALDOVREP System, who does it apply to and who is exempt?

Answer 9

APPLY: ALL VESSELS over 300GT

EXEMPT: Cross Channel Ferries & Warships

Question 10

For the CALDOVREP System, what information should a vessel provide within their report?

Answer 10

1. Vessel ID
2. Position
3. Course & Speed
4. Vessel’s Draught
5. Route Information (last and next port of call, ETA)
6. Hazardous Cargo with IMO Class & Quantity
7. Any Deficiencies and if so, breakdown of them

Question 11

What is CNIS?

Answer 11

Channel Navigation Information Services - part of the CALDOVREP System, joint operated by the UK & France

Question 12

What is the function of CNIS and any other local reporting system?

Answer 12

• Keep the TSS’ under observation
• Monitor traffic flow
• Report vessels not following COLREGs

FOR CNIS IN DOVER:
They support the MCA & HM Coastguard in the following:
- Promoting safety of life at sea
- Improving counter-pollution measures
- Providing improved support of enforcement activity

Question 13

Describe what is the use for AMVER (Automated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue)?

Answer 13

For Search & Rescue operation, monitoring vessels for their safety, as well as the safety of life on board and protection of the marine environment.

Created and operated by the US Coastguard.

Question 14

What vessel’s contribute to AMVER and is it compulsory for them?

Answer 14

Any vessel over 1000GT on a deep sea voyage

NO, it is not compulsory - it is voluntary

Question 15

Outline the main principles and the purpose of WWNWS?

Answer 15

The World-Wide Navigational Warning Service (WWNWS), is a co-ordinated global service for the promulgation of navigational warnings. Navigational warnings are designed to give the mariner early information of important incidents which may constitute a danger to navigation.

Question 16

State the obligation of a Master with regards to WWNWS?

Answer 16

Masters are required to make arrangements to ensure that all navigational warnings or other matters relating to safety of life at sea are brought to their notice, or that of the navigating officer on watch at the time, immediately on receipt.

Question 17

How many NAVAREAS are part of the WWNWS?

Answer 17

21, transmitting 2 daily transmitions in English and Native language of the country observing the NAVAREA

Question 18

Which NAVAREA does the United Kingdom observe and monitor?

Answer 18

NAVAREA I (1)

Question 19

State the 4 types of Navigational Warnings that could be transmitted in NAVAREAs?

Answer 19

1. NAVAREA
2. Sub-Area
3. Coastal
4. Local

Question 20

List information that could be transmitted in these Navigational Warnings?

Answer 20

1. Damaged Lights, Signals and other Aids to Navigation
2. New significant Aids to Navigation
3. Wrecks & new dangers
4. Presence of Towing Operations in congested / restricted waters
5. Cable laying and Surveys
6. Radio Equipment out of order
7. Naval Exercises
8. Security Information
9. WHO (World Health Organisation) Information - e.g. COVID protocols
10. Search & Rescue or Anti-Pollution Operations

Question 21

Describe the area that NAVAREA Warnings cover?

Answer 21

They cover the whole NAVAREA - normally transmit a weekly list of all the applicable navigational warnings in force for the area

Question 22

Describe the area that Sub-Area Warnings cover?

Answer 22

Same as NAVAREA Warnings however, they are designated to an isolated area within the NAVAREA

Question 23

Describe the area that Coastal Warnings cover?

Answer 23

Seaward of the fairway buoy or pilot station, up to 250nm away. This area is covered by NAVTEX

Question 24

Describe the area that Local Warnings cover?

Answer 24

Landward of the fairway buoy or pilot station. Normally transmitting localised hazards or pilot information

Question 25

What categories CANNOT be rejected by NAVTEX?

Answer 25

1. A = Navigational Warnings 2. B = Meteorological Warnings 3. D = Search & Rescue

Question 26

Which NAVTEX category SHOULD NOT be rejected?

Answer 26

L = Additional Navigational Warnings

Question 27

Referencing SOLAS Ch V / Reg 31, state the 6 situation the Master MUST communicate to other vessels and stations by ALL MEANS at their disposal?

Answer 27

1. Dangerous Ice 2. Dangerous Derelict 3. Any other Direct Danger to Navigation 4. Tropical Storm 5. Sub Freezing Air Temperatures with Gale Force Winds leading to Ice Accretion 6. Force 10+ Winds which no other report has been received

Question 28

State to whom should the Danger Message be addressed?

Answer 28

All vessels in the vicinity and to competent authorities

Question 29

State the information that must be contained within a Danger Message for DANGEROUS ICE, DERELICT OR OTHER DIRECT DANGER?

Answer 29

1. Time & Date (UTC) of observation 2. Position of the Hazard 3. Kind of Hazard

Question 30

State the information that must be contained within a Danger Message for TROPICAL STORMS?

Answer 30

1. Time & Date (UTC) of observation 2. Position of the ship 3. Information including: - Pressure currently - Pressure tendency - Wind (force - Beaufort & True Speed) - Wind (direction) - Sea Conditions - Swell - Vessel's course & speed 4. Statement of description if possible

Question 31

How often do you need to transmit TROPICAL STORM information?

Answer 31

Ensuring you are still under the influence of the storm... Every 3 hours (or 1 hour only if possible)

Question 32

State the information that must be contained within a Danger Message for WIND FORCE 10+ WITH NO PREVIOUS REPORT?

Answer 32

Same as a Tropical Storm... 1. Time & Date (UTC) of observation 2. Position of the ship 3. Information including: - Pressure currently - Pressure tendency - Wind (force - Beaufort & True Speed) - Wind (direction) - Sea Conditions - Swell - Vessel's course & speed 4. Statement of description if possible

Question 33

State the information that must be contained within a Danger Message for SUB FREEZING AIR TEMPERATURES WITH GALE FORCE WINDS LEADING TO ICE ACCRETION?

Answer 33

1. Time & Date (UTC) of observation 2. Air Temperature 3. Sea Temperature 4. Wind Force & Direction

Question 34

Which convention mandates Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)?

Answer 34

SOLAS Chapter V / Reg 12

Question 35

What is the purpose of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)?

Answer 35

Improve the safety of vessels and life at sea, as well as to improve the efficiency of navigation, reducing developments of unsafe situations and support protection of the marine environment.

Question 36

What areas could a Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) monitor?

Answer 36

- Shore Areas - Rivers - Ports - Work Sites - Offshore Installations

Question 37

What are the functions of Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) in order to achieve its purpose?

Answer 37

- Provide information of ship movements - Monitor and manage ship traffic - Respond to developing unsafe situations