Shock

Question 1

Definition of shock

Answer 1

Impaired perfusion to tissues to sustain normal organ function

Question 2

5 main types of shock?

Answer 2

• hypovolaemic
• cardiogenic
• obstructive
• distributive
• cytotoxic

Question 3

Give a cause of hypovolaemic shock.

Answer 3

Blood loss/body fluid loss

Question 4

Give causes of cardiogenic shock.

Answer 4

• acute MI
• cardiac tamponade
• valvular dysfunction
• CCF

Question 5

What is distributive shock? Give causes of distributive shock.

Answer 5

• Reduction in SVR beyond compensatory limits of increased CO
• septic shock, anaphylactic shock and neurogenic

Question 6

Give causes of obstructive shock.

Answer 6

• cardiac tamponade

- PE

Question 7

Cardiac output is reduced in all but two types of shock. Which are these?

Answer 7

• Septic shock -> CO increased initially

- Cytotoxic shock

Question 8

What is cytotoxic shock and give two causes.

Answer 8

• Tissue perfusion is fine but there is impaired tissue/mitochondria oxygen uptake
• CO poisoning or CN-poisoning

Question 9

What clinical signs increase with increased blood loss in hypovolaemic shock?

Answer 9

• PR
• RR
• degree of confusion/anxiety

Question 10

What clinical signs decrease with increased fluid loss in hypovolaemic shock?

Answer 10

• BP normal at Class I and II until about 30% blood loss then decrease
• Pulse pressure
• Urine output