What does shock result from?
Decreased blood volume resulting in decreased tissue perfusion and general hypoxia
What is another word for shock?
Hypotension
Name the 5 different types of shock.
- Hypovolemic
- Cardiogenic
- Vasogenic
- Anaphylactic
- Septic
Define hypovolemic shock
shock due to loss of blood or plasma
Define cardiogenic shock
shock due to decreased pumping ability of the heart
Define vasogenic shock
shock due to vasodilation of blood vessels from loss of vasomotor tone
Define anaphylactic shock
shock due to severe type 1 hypersensitivity
Define septic shock
shock due to a severe infection of gram negative bacteria
What are the 5 compensation mechanisms that the body goes through when it is undergoing shock?
- SNS (sympathetic nervous system) and adrenal medulla are stimulated
- Renin secretion increases
- Increased ADH secretion
- Secretion of glucocorticoids
- Acidosis stimulates increased respiration
What happens when the SNS and adrenal medulla are stimulated during shock?
- Increased Heart rate
- Force of contraction
- Systemic vasoconstriction
Regarding the acidosis that occurs with shock, what happens to the body if shock is prolonged?
- Cell metabolism is diminished
- Waste is not removed
- Lower pH
What is acidosis?
The acidification due to lack of oxygen in the blood
What are the early clinical manifestations of shock? (4)
- Anxiety
- Restlessness
- Thirst
- Tachycardia
What are the progressive clinical manifestations of shock? (9)
- How does the patient feel? (i.e. hyper, tired, etc) (2)
- How does the skin feel/ look? (3)
- How does the heart/ cardio-system react? (3)
- How does the respiratory system react? (1)
- How does the urinary system react? (1)
- How does the system react metabolically? (1)
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Cool, moist, pale skin
- Tachycardia
- Weak thread pulse
- Tachypnea
- Oliguria
- Low blood pressure
- Metabolic acidosis
Define Oliguria
Production of abnormally small amounts of urine
Define tachypnea
Abnormally rapid breathing
What are the clinical manifestations of decompensated shock? (9)
- How does the patient act? (i.e. distressed, alert. etc)
- How does the heart and cardio system react? (3)
- Acute ____ (3)
- How does the GI system respond? (2)
- Stupor, confusion
- Dysrhythmias
- Weak, slow pulse
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Multiple thrombi
- Acute liver failure
- Acute renal failure
- Paralytic ileus
- GI hemorrhage
Define Stupor
a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility.
Define paralytic ileus
a type of bowel obstruction. It results when peristalsis stops.
Define dysrhythmia
heart beating fast, slow, or just irregularly
