shock
inadequate supply of deoxygenated blood
Causes of shock
- failure of the heart, blood clots, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade.
- abnormal dilation of blood vessels
- blood volume loss
- blood vessels dilate
Compensated Shock
- pale skin
- slightly rapid HR
- BP normal
- restlessness / anxiety
- delayed capillary refill in infant
Decompensated shock
- extreme thirst
- rapid HR
- low BP ( late sign )
- cool , moist skin, pale, grey, bluish , mottled
- major changes in LOC
Avulsions
a flap of skin or soft tisse that has been torn loose, or pulled off completely
lacerations
a break of varying depth in the skin
smooth cut, w severe bleeding
Abrasions
caused by scraping, rubbing, shearing away of the skin
capillary bleeding
Clamping injury
limb stuck in an area smaller than itself
blunt injury
a sudden blow or force that has a crushing impact
can cause internal injury
Contusions
swelling & pain at site
- if small vessels have been broken the pt will have Ecchymosis ( discoloration)
- if large vessels have been torn a hematoma happens
Anaphylactic shock
allergic reaction to something
arterial bleeding
- bright red blood spurting
- indicates a severed / damaged artery
- rich in oxygen
- high in pressure
venous bleeding
- dark red blood that flows steadily
- little to no oxygen
- under less pressure
capillary bleeding
- dark red blood that oozes slowly
- this bleeding clots spontaneously
what are the 2 pressure points to stop bleeding
- For Arms use the brachial pulse point
- for legs use the femoral pulse point
ease up after 10 min
internal bleeding
sign and symptoms
- discolored/ tender/ swollen/ hard tissue
- increased BP / HR
- pale / cool / clammy skin
- Nausea / vomiting blood/ coffee grounds
- thirst
- tender / rigid abdomen
- weakness / fainting’s / dizziness
Hypovolemic shock
shock caused by insufficient volume
(blood or fluid) within the vascular
system.
Distributive shock (relative hypovolemia)
a. Neurogenic shock
b. Medical causes (e.g., anaphylaxis, sepsis, overdose)
Obstructive shock
a. Cardiac tamponade
b. Tension pneumothorax
c. Massive pulmonary embolism
Cardiogenic shock (pump failure)
a. Cardiac contusion
