factors that led to the Agricultural Revolution (c.10,000 BCE)
- Aided by a warming trend in 11,000 BCE
- Began in fertile crescent and SW Asia
- Rapid population growth, unsustainable through hunting/gather alone
- Favourite geographical conditions, ie. bodies of water and river valley
- Forgers short work hours gave them time to experiment with crops
- Humans needed more grains for alcohol, which was safer than water
teachings and characteristics of Islam
•Muslims forbidden from killing non-combatants, women, children, elderly, leaders of other religions
•May not destroy resources/crops
•Must bury dead of enemies
•Not take any spoils of war
•Treat all prisoners with dignity/respect
•Five pillars
°Shahadah: Declaring no god except God
°Salat: prayer five times per day
°Sawm: fasting and self-control during ramadan
°Zakat: giving alms to the poor
°Hajj: pilgrimarge to mecca
features of Martin Luther’s reforming movement
- Sola Scriptura - scripture alone - the Gospel should be highest source of teachings and practice
- Sola Fide - faith alone
- Priesthood of all believers - every believer can read bible, pray, interpret scripture
- Bondage of the will - human beings are so corrupted they lack free will to choose good or evil
the social contract in the Enlightenment
•Society must be regulated by natural laws that were not merely social conventions; the function of ‘philosophy’ was to discover these laws and to adjust social practices to bring them into conformity.”
•Hobbes
°the masses tacitly agree to surrender some of their freedoms to an absolute authority in exchange for collective order, safety, &the protection of their remaining rights
•Locke
°Locke believed that if a minority—whether a monarch or from among the masses—contravened the law, the majority had a right to overthrow this minority
°Bottom-up
