Short-Term Memory (2)

Question 1

What were the findings of Alfred Binet’s (Binet’s) and V. Henri’s (Henri’s) experiment on children’s recall of sentences?

Answer 1

• That the children made errors of acoustic confusion.
• The importance effect

Question 2

For what was Binet and Henri’s (1895b) study probably the first investigation of memory?

Answer 2

For prose

Question 3

How was Binet and Henri’s (1895b) study quite similar to more recent studies of memory for sentences?

Answer 3

In terms of both empirical results and their theoretical interpretation.

Question 4

How has a plethora of terminology been utilised in the field of learning and memory in recent history?

Answer 4

• In that the terms “primary memory”, “immediate memory”, “short-term memory”, and “short-term store” have all been used interchangeably.
• In that the terms “secondary memory” and “long-term memory” have been used interchangeably.

Question 5

What are examples of names of researchers who have come up with various models attempting to explain different aspects of memory?

Answer 5

• Broadbent (1958)
• Sperling (1963)
• Bower (1964)
• Waugh & Norman (1965)
• Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968)
• Peterson (1966)
• Murdock (1967)

Question 6

What are two explicit measures of memory?

Answer 6

• Recall
• Recognition

Question 7

What are two implicit measures of memory?

Answer 7

• Word completion tasks (such as tasks involving participants filling in missing letters to make complete words).
• Procedural knowledge tasks (‘practical knowledge’ tasks)

Question 8

How are implicit and explicit memory similar?

Answer 8

They are both types of long-term memory.

Question 9

To what kind of information does implicit memory refer?

Answer 9

Information you remember unconsciously and effortlessly (like how to ride a bike).

Question 10

To what kind of information does explicit memory refer?

Answer 10

Information you have to work consciously to remember (such as recalling items on your to-do list).