What are the different types of fibrous joints?
- sutures
- syndesmoses
- gomphoses
What are the different types of cartilaginous joints?
- symphyses
- synchondroses
Characteristics of synovial joints.
-joint capsule \+inner synovial membrane \+outer fibrous capsule -hyaline cartilage -articular disc -very mobile
What does synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis mean?
- synarthrosis: no movement
- amphiarthrosis: little movement
- diarthrosis: a lot of movement
What are the different movements at synovial joints?
- nonaxial: no axis of movement
- uniaxial
- biaxial
- multiaxial
What are the different joints of the arm?
- acromioclavicular
- glenohumeral
- humeroulnar (elbow)
- radioulnar (proximal and distal)
- sternoclavicular
Movements of acromioclavicular joint
- diarthrotic
- gliding and rotation of scapula on clavicle
Movements of glenohumeral joint
- diarthrotic
- multiaxial
- flexion, extension, abdustion, adduction, circumduction, rotation
Movements of humeroulnar joint
- diarthotic
- uniaxial
- flexion, extension
Movement of proximal radioulnar joint
- diarthrotic
- uniaxial
- pronation and supination
Movement of distal radioulnar joint
- diarthrotic
- uniaxial
- rotation
Movement of sternoclavicular joint
- diarthrotic
- multiaxial
What are the general groups of shoulder muscles?
- axioappendicular
- scapulohumeral
What is the labrum?
-rim of cartilage to which the capsule attaches
What are the different bursa in the shoulder?
- subacromial
- subdeltoid
- subcoracoid
- subscapular
*communicate with each other, but not the synovial cavity
What is impingement syndrome?
- tendonitis of supraspinatus tendon
- bursitis of subacromial
- essentially inflamed whatever restricts shoulder
What the rotator cuff muscles?
- subscapularis
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
Origin, insertion, action, and innervation of DELTOID
origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity
actions: flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates
innervation: axillary nerve
Origin, insertion, action, and innervation of TERES MAJOR
origin: post. surface of inferior angle of scapula
insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove
actions: adducts and medially rotates humerus
innervation: lower subscapular nerve
Origin, insertion, action, and innervation of SUPRASPINATUS
origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: sup. facet of greater tubercle
actions: works with deltoid in abduction, stabilizes shoulder
innervation: suprascapular
Origin, insertion, action, and innervation of SUBSCAPULARIS
origin: subscapular fossa
insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
actions: medially rotates and adducts humerus, stability
innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerve
- largest rotator cuff muscle (tears are rare)
How can the subscapularis contribute to rotator cuff tendonitis?
- common sports injury
- subscapularis injuries can lead to bicipital tendon instability and biceps tendonitis
Origin, insertion, action, and innervation of INFRASPINATUS
origin: infraspinous fossa
insertion: middle facet of greater tubercle
actions: laterally rotates humerus, stability
innervation: suprascapular nerve
Origin, insertion, action, and innervation of TERES MINOR
origin: middle part of lateral border of scapula
insertion: inferior facet of greater tubercle
actions: laterally rotates humerus, stability
innervation: axillary nerve
