Shoulder Complex I

Question 1

What are the four joints of the shoulder complex?

Answer 1

• Sternoclavicular
• Acromioclavicular
• Glenohumeral
• Scapulothoracic (Pseudo-joint)

Question 2

What are the associated ligaments of the Sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 2

• The anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments (reinforce the joint capsule)
• The interclavicular ligament (reinforces superiorly)
• The costoclavicular ligament (conects the sternum to the first rib)

Question 3

What are the associated ligaments of the Acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 3

• The acromioclavicular ligament (reinforces superiorly)
• The coraco-acromial ligament (prevents acromion from passing deep to the clavicle)
• The coracoclavicular ligament ( anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process)

Question 4

What are the associated ligaments of the Glenohumerral joint?

Answer 4

• The Glenohumeral ligaments (strengthen the joint anteriorly, comprised of superior, middle, and inferior parts)
• The coracohumeral ligament (connects the coracid process to the greater tubercle of the humerus)
• The transverse humeral ligament (Bridges the intertubercular groove by attaching to the greater and lesser tubercles)

Question 5

What are the associated bursae of the shoulder complex?

Answer 5

• The subacromial/subdeltoid (typically fused)
• Subscapular bursa
• Synovial sheath of the biceps tendon.

Question 6

What are the axioappendicular muscles?

Answer 6

• Pectoralis major
• Pectoralis minor
• Subclavius
• Serratus anterior

Question 7

What are the posterior axioappendicular muscles?

Answer 7

• Trapezius
• Latissimus dorsi
• Rhomboid (major and minor)
• Levator scapulae

Question 8

What are the scapulohumeral muscles?

Answer 8

• Deltoid
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres minor
• Teres major
• Subscapularis

Question 9

What is the innervation and function of the Pectoralis major muscle?

Answer 9

Innervation: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Function: Adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint

Question 10

What is the innervation and function of the Pectoralis minor muscle?

Answer 10

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerves
Function: Stabilizes the scapula and pulls it anteriorly and inferiorly

Question 11

What is the innervation and function of the Subclavius muscle?

Answer 11

Innervation: Subclavian nerve
Function: Stabilizes and depresses the clavicle

Question 12

What is the innervation and function of the Serratus anterior muscle?

Answer 12

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve
Function: Protracts the scapula and holds it against the posterior thoracic wall.

Question 13

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the Supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 13

Origin: Supraspinous fossa
Insertion: Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
Function: Initiates and assists the Deltoid in abduction.

Question 14

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the Infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 14

Origin: Infraspinus fossa
Insertion: Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
Function: Laterally rotates the shoulder joint.

Question 15

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the Teres minor muscle?

Answer 15

Origin: Lateral border of the scapula, middle portion
Insertion: Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Innervation: Axillary nerve
Function: Laterally rotates the shoulder joint

Question 16

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the Subscapularis muscle?

Answer 16

Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves
Function: Medially rotates and adducts the shoulder joint.